448 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



[No. 110. 



For the head of every bul flush, or other birde 



tliat devoiireth the bloulh of fruit . . i'^ 



For tlie heads of every foxe or giay . . xll'' 



For the head of every flchewe, polcat, wescll, 



stote, faire, badger, or wildecat . . . i*" 



For the heads of every otter or hedghog . , ii'' 



For the heads of every three rats or twelve mice i'^ 

 For the heads of tvery moldwarpe or want, an 

 halfe-penie. 



" All which sayd heads and egges shall be foorth- 

 with, after such account made in the presence of the 

 sayd churchwardens and taxors, or of three nf them, 

 burned, consumed, or cut in sunder." — VId. 8 Eliz. 

 c. 15. ; 14 Eliz. c. 1 1. ; and 39 Eliz. c. 18. 



Feancisctjs. 



■VFAS EALEIGU IN VIRGINIA? 



(Vol. iv., pp. 190. 241.) 



Raleigh never visited Virginia. The numerous 

 expeditions tiiither, set on foot by him, and in 

 ■which he had so large a concern as to cause ihem 

 to be called his voyages, no doubt g.ave rise to the 

 popular error. 



We first find Raleigh's name, in connexion with 

 discovery in North America, in 1579. In that 

 year Sir Humphrey Gilbert, his stepbrother, pre- 

 vailed upon him to join in a projected voyage. The 

 accounts of this voyage are very scanty : all, I be- 

 lieve, that is known on the subject is to be found 

 in Hakluyt, vol. iii. p. 146., in the following words: 



" Others failed of tlieir promises contracted, and the 

 greater numher were dl'^persed, leaving the Generall 

 with few of his assured friends, with whom he adven- 

 tured to sea; where having tasted of no lesse misfor- 

 tune, he was shortly driven to retire home with the 

 losse of a tall ship, and (more to his grief) of a valiant 

 gentleman, Miles Morgan." 



It will be observed that Raleigh's name is not 

 mentioned, the "Generall" being Gilbert. It 

 appears, however, to be generally assumed by his 

 biographers that he did accompany this expedition 

 in person. It may, at all events, be predicated 

 with tolerable certainty, that Raleigh was not 

 amongst those who deserted Sir Humphrc)'. 

 Tytler adds the following particulars, in his Life 

 of Raleigh (Edinburgh, 18.33), p. 27., on the 

 authority of OUlys's Life of Raleigh, jip. 28, 29. : 



" On its homeward passage the small squadron of 

 Gilbert was dispersed and disabled by a Spanish fleet, 

 and many of the company were slain ; but, perhaps 

 owing to the disastrous issue of the fight, it has been 

 slightly noticed by the English historians." 



Schomburgk adds, in the Introduction to his 

 reprint of Raleigh's Guiaria, published for the 

 Hakluyt Society in 1848, also on the authority of 

 Oldys, that during the engagement " Raleigh w^as 

 exposed to great danger." 



^Ve may therefore assume that he did sail with 

 Gilbert on this occasion. . There is no appearance, 



however, of the expedition having reached 

 America at all ; and most certainly Virginia was ] 

 not then visited. j 



The next voyage undertaken by Gilbert was in j 

 1583. Raleigh took a great interest in this expe- ' 

 dition, and fitted out a barque of two hundred j 

 tons, which bore his name ; and although the 

 " most puissant " vessel in the fleet, it only ranked , 

 as "Vice-admirall." The "Delight, alias the | 

 George, of burthen 120 tunnes, was Admirall, in i 

 which went the Generall." They " began their : 

 voyage upon Tuesday, the eleventh day of June, i 

 in the yere of our Lord 1583 ;" but " about mid- | 

 night" of the 13th June, " the Vice-admirall lor- ! 

 sooke us, notwithstanding that we had the winde 

 east, faire, and good. But it was .after credibly 

 reported that they were infected with a contagious 

 sickness, and arrived greatly distressed at Rlim- 

 mouth. . . . Sure I am no cost was spared by 

 their owner, Master Raleigh, in setting them 

 forth." So writes worthy Master Hayes, who 

 commanded the Golden Hinde, the " Rear- 

 adniirall" of the expedition. It may be easily 

 believed that Raleigh was not on board of the 

 vessel which belonged to him. Sir H. Gilbert, 

 who was ignorant of the cause of desertion, wrote 

 thus to Sir George Peckhaiu, after his arrival in 

 Newfoundland : — " On the 13th the bark Raleigh 

 ran from me, in fair and clear weather, having a 

 large wind. I pray you solicit my brother Raleigli 

 to make them an exam])le to all knaves." The 

 subsequent history of this disastrous expedition 

 need not be dwelt tipon. Gilbert reached New- 

 fmndland, btit was lost in returning on board the 

 Squirrel of ten tons ! 



On the 25th March, 1584, Raleigh obtained 

 letters patent from Queen Elizabeth authorising 

 him to establish a colony in North America, south 

 of Newfoundland. "The first voyage made" 

 under this patent "to the coasts of America" was 

 " witli two barks, wherein were Cajitains M. Philip 

 Amadas, and M. Arthur Barlowe, who discoctred 

 part cf the countrey now called Viri^iuia, anno 

 1584:" the account of which voyage is stated to 

 have been "written by one of the said Captaines, 

 and scut to Sir Walter Ralei|;h, knight, at whose 

 charge and direction the said voyage was set 

 forth."— i/«A. vol. iii. p. 246. 



The next voyage is called (p. 251.) "The voyage 

 made by Sir "Richard Grenvill foi- Sir Walter 

 Raleigh to Virginia, in the yeere 1585." Sir 

 Richard left a colony under the government of 

 jNlaster Ralph Lane. A list of all tiie colonists, to 

 the number of 107, "as well gentlemen as others, 

 that remained one whole yeere in A'irgiiiia," is 

 given in Hakluyt, at p. 254. The first n.nme is 

 iMaster Philip Amadas, Admirall ofthe countrey ;" 

 the second is "Master Hariot." On the 10th 

 June of next year the colony was visited by Sir 

 Francis Drake, with no less than twenty-three 



