492 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



[No. 112. 



Cozens's cbief patrons were Wm.Beckford, Esq., 

 of Fonthill ; G. Baker, of St. Paul's Cliurcliyard ; 

 John Hawkins, Esq., of Bognor ; and the Earl of 

 Hare wood (of his time). If your correspondent 

 wishes to see some few line specimens of his works, 

 ]Mr. George Smith, of Hamilton Terrace, and 

 Charles Sackwille Bale, Esq., of Cambridge Terrace, 

 possess some very fine ones. Mr. J. Hey wood 

 Hawkins has at Bognor his father's collection. 



Cozens's fine drawings are very uncommon, and 

 he is now little known, though one of tlie fatliers 

 of the Water-Colour School, and of the highest 

 ability. I am not aware of any published portrait 

 of him : your correspondent's portrait of him by 

 Pine is therefore interesting. Pine was Cozens's 

 mother's brother. Francis Graves. 



In addition to the opinion ascribed to Mr. Turner, 

 it may be mentioned that the late John Constable, 

 R.A., spoke of Cozens as " the greatest of land- 

 scape-painters." I cannot at present give a refe- 

 rence to Leslie's Life of Constable, but am sure 

 that this saying occurs there more than once. 



J. C. R. 



Whig and Tory (Vol. iv., pp. 57. 281.). — In 

 addition to what has appeared in " Notes and 

 Queries" respecting the etymology of these terms, 

 I send you a note of what Lingard says on the 

 matter : 



" The celebrated party name Tory is derived from 

 toringldm, to pursue for the sake of plunder. The 

 name was given to certain parties in Irchuid, who, 

 refusing to submit to Cromwell, retired into bogs and 

 fastnesses, formed bodies of armed men, supporting 

 themselves and tbeir followers by the depredations 

 wblcb they committed on the occupiers of their estates. 

 They were called liaptrees and Tories." 



" It was during the reign of Charles II. that the 

 ap))ellatlons of Wliig and Tnri/ became permanently 



affixed to the two great politic, d parties The first 



had long been given to the Covenanters on the west of 

 Scotland, and was supposed to convey a charge of sedi- 

 tious and anti-monarchical principles. . . ." 



Philip S. King. 



Prince Rupert's Drops (Vol. iv., pp. 2-34. 274.). — 

 In your reply to the Query respecting these drops, 

 you state that it is not certain in what country 

 they were invented ; I may therefore mention that 

 the French call them larmes Butaviques, frotn the 

 circumstance of their being made in Holland ; 

 Iroui wlience some were sent to Paris in 16^6, to 

 the Swedish minister there, M. Chanut. 



riiiLip S. King. 



Deep Well near Bansted Downs (Vol. iv., p. 315.). 

 — I am well acquainted with the country imme- 

 diately south of the Bansted Downs, and can give 

 W. S. G. some information about the wells there. 



I know no country where there is so great a 



scarcity of water. The nearest stream is a small 

 branch of the Mole, wliich has its rise some three 

 miles off, just beyond Merstham (pronounced 

 " ]\Ieestrum"). The ponds are very few and 

 shallow, so that the inhabitants have to rely on 

 wells for. their water. Wells, liowever, are an 

 expensive luxury, and appertain only to the better- 

 most dwellings. I know several labourers' cot- 

 tages distant upwards of a mile from the nearest 

 well or pond; they use what water they catch, and 

 when that is gone, shift as they best can, — most 

 commonly do without. This scarcity of water 

 nuiy be the reason why a district within fifteen 

 miles of London is so thinly populated. 



The country is very hilly, aud even the valleys 

 are some height above the level of London. 

 AV'^oodmansterne is said to be the highest point in 

 Surrey next to Leith Hill. 



Most of the farm-houses and superior cottages 

 have wells, and many of these are of considerable 

 depth. There is one just at the foot of Bansted 

 Downs (and consequently in the valley), which is 

 120 feet deep. After a dry summer this well is 

 very low, and after a secoml quite empty. This 

 is about the general depth of the valley wells. 

 There is one in the railway valley, below Chipsted 

 Church, some 100 feet deep; I have never known 

 it dry. AVithin a stone's throw of this last, the 

 London and Brighton railway runs in a very deep 

 cutting, — I have been told the deepest railway 

 cutting in England, — and great fears were enter- 

 tained that this deep cutting would drain this and 

 several neighbouring wells. The only way, how- 

 ever, in which the railway affected the wells, was 

 to cut right through one, parts of which may still 

 be seen in the embankment. 



It is not always the case that a deep well will 

 drain its shallow neighbours. At the Feathers 

 Inn, at Merstham, is a well cut in the solid chalk, 

 160 feet deep; this was quite out the other day, 

 while two or three wells not fifty yards off, each 

 thirty feet deep, had ])lenty of water. 



Of course the wells on the hills are much 

 deeper than those in the valleys. At a farm called 

 Wood Place, some three miles from Bansted, is a 

 well 365 feet deep ; it is never actually out of 

 water ; lour pair of hands are needed to raise 

 the bucket. 



At a farm called Portnals, about a mile from 

 Bansted, is the deepest well I know in these parts; 

 a horse is required to draw the water. It is some 

 460 feet, and, I have been told, generally some- 

 what low. All these wells are, I believe, in the 

 chalk. 



In this part of Surrey are some wells said to be 

 500, 600, or even 700 leet deep. 



W. S. G. may find some resemblance between 

 the above aud the oue he wants, else there is no 

 truth in a Avell. ^ 



I fear I am taking more of your space than my 



