12 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1959 
idols, belt looms with ring-woven fabrics, and a good stick chart used 
as a native navigational device by the Marshall Islanders. 
Several archeological accessions are of especial interest. One is a 
plaster cast of a colossal stone head of the Olmec culture (ca. 500 B.C.), 
the original of which was found near San Lorenzo in southern Vera- 
cruz, Mexico. The cast was received in 31 pieces, which were assembled, 
painted, and placed on exhibit in the Highlights of Latin American 
Archeology Hall. <A collection of primitive stone implements from 
northern Australia, collected by F. D. McCarthy, of the Australian 
Museum, and Frank M. Setzler during the Smithsonian-National Geo- 
graphic Society Arnhem Land Expedition in 1948, constitutes an un- 
usual accession. Type samples and all unique specimens collected in 
British Guiana in 1952-53 by the Smithsonian Institution-Fulbright 
Research Fellowship Expedition have added much to the Museum’s 
collections from South America. 
New accessions in the division of physical anthropology include a 
plaster cast of the Ganovce Neanderthal skull found in 1926 in a 
travertine quarry in northern Slovakia. The original is a travertine 
cast of the endocranial cavity with only a little adherent cranial bone 
still in place. So far as is known, no other copy of this important 
specimen has reached the United States. A skull (with parts of the 
skeleton) exhibiting filed teeth was found in January 1954 by Dr. 
Preston Holder in a burial pit at the great Cahokia Mound site in East 
St. Louis, Ill. Although the pit contained the skeletal remains of a 
number of individuals, only the one skeleton has filed teeth, and the 
fact that it alone was articulated suggests that filed teeth were a sign 
of distinction. One of the conclusions reached, in a report published 
in the November 1958 Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 
is that the custom of tooth filing in the Mississippi Valley probably had 
its origin in Middle America but became attenuated and modified. 
Botany.—Significant gifts to the department of botany were 130 
slides of diatoms, presented by Mrs. Eloise Stump, Oak Park, IIL; 
6,183 specimens given by Goucher College, Baltimore, Md., consisting 
of their entire herbarium, including a large number of cryptogams; 
388 plants of Australia from Dr. C. L. Wilson, Hanover, N.H.; and 
1,749 mosses contributed by E. C. Leonard from his personal collection. 
Among the numerous exchanges were 4,875 specimens of Sumatra 
and the East Indies from the University of Michigan; 1,152 specimens 
of Canadian and Arctic plants, received from the Canada Department 
of Agriculture; 1,403 specimens from Cuba received from the Colegio 
de la Salle, Havana; 921 specimens, collected in Argentina by T. M. 
Pedersen, from the Botanical Museum, University of Copenhagen; 
1,002 specimens of New Guinea and Australia from the Commonwealth 
Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Canberra, Australia; 
