610 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1959 
: : CRUSHED IN 
STONE 
\ 
ae Lr 
ae 
Ficure 4.—Top view of Shanidar adult Neanderthal I. 
jian’s careful attention later in the Shanidar laboratory prevented 
further deterioration of this sort. 
Probing around the lower part of the face revealed that the lower 
jaw or mandible was missing from its expected position. In the course 
of cleaning away the soil, a U-shaped row of blunt projections showed 
up to the left and front of the face. Further cleaning exposed a row 
of teeth in a mandible, for such it was (pl. 3 and fig. 4). <A flat stone 
lay firmly under it. Like the cranium, the lower jaw was canted to the 
west, but at a slightly greater angle. A definite chin was lacking. 
The mandible had been distorted, undoubtedly by the same force 
that struck the skull. The left side of the mandible had been pushed 
forward and inward. The right ascending ramus was not seen, and 
was judged to be lodged in the cranium. The left ascending ramus 
was freshly broken, but the detached part was still present. It was 
here that the Shergati assistant had initially encountered the remains. 
This ascending ramus appeared to be fairly broad, with what im- 
pressed me as a rather shallow sigmoid notch. 
All the teeth, with the exception of two medial incisors, seemed to 
be present. There was a small gap between the right canine and the 
first right premolar, probably due to a fracture in the mandible. The 
