SUMERIAN TECHNOLOGY—BOBULA 669 
Sumerian nature and thought do not appeal equally to all modern 
students, and many of the primitive speculations about presages and 
other irrational elements are obviously unacceptable. But mixed 
with these are elements of timeless value, and these should be recog- 
nized. Sumerian thought paved modern man’s way in getting 
acquainted with his still puzzling universe. 
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 
Permission to reproduce figures 2-6, 8-11, 18, 15, 19, 20, 24, 25, 29, 
30, 838-36, 43, and 44, from William Hayes Ward’s “The Seal Cylinders 
of Western Asia,” was kindly granted by the Carnegie Institution 
of Washington. 
By courtesy of the University Museum of the University of Pennsyl- 
vania are included figures 7, 21-23, 26-28, 32, 37-39, and 42, drawings 
originally made by Miss M. Louise Baker for the Museum Journal. 
For figures 12, 14, 16, 18, 40, and 41, and last, but not least, for the 
map, figure 1, lam indebted to Dr. Manuela Kogutovicz. 
I wish to express my heartfelt thanks to all who have helped me 
in the preparation of this article. 
Acknowledgments for the photographs on the plates are under 
the pictures. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 
AL-ASIL, NaAJI. 
1949. Dudu, the Sumerian scribe. Sumer, vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 130-132. 
AMIET, PIERRE. 
1951. La Ziggurat d’aprés les cylindres de l’époque archaique. Rev. As- 
syriol., vol. 45, No. 2, pp. 80-88. 
ANDRAE, WALTER. 
1922. Die archaischen Ischtartempel in Assur. Leipzig. 
1930. Das Gotteshaus and die Urformen des Baues im alten Orient. 
BALTRUSAITIS, JURGIS. 
1934. Art sumérien, art roman. Paris. 
Barser, C. T. 
1956. Bitumen—7,000 years of man’s history. Iraq Petroleum. vol. 6, No. 1, 
pp. 17-21. 
BASMACHI, FARAJ. 
1950. Sculptured stone vases in the Iraq Museum. Sumer, vol. 6, No. 2, 
pp. 165-176. 
BERRIMAN, A. HE. 
1955. A new approach to the study of ancient metrology. Rev. Assyriol., 
vol. 49, No. 4, pp. 193-201. 
Boutz, Cart HELMUT. 
1941. In den Ruinen von Warka. Leipzig. 
Bow in, C. ANGELA, and FARWELL, BEATRICE. 
1950. Small sculptures in bronze. New York. 
BRAIDWOop, R. J. 
1952. The Near Hast and the foundations for civilization. Eugene, Oreg. 
1958. Near Eastern prehistory. Science, vol. 127, No. 3312, pp. 1419-1420. 
