17 



always well to send a small sample to the chemist of the State experi- 

 ment station to report upon it. 



Recently the arsenic and lime and the arsenic-soda-lime mixtures 

 have been employed b}^ some fruit growers, who report excellent 

 results. Both of these, being cheaper than Paris green, deserve trial, 

 and formulas are therefore given. 



THE SULPHUR-SALT-LIME WA3H. 



Good lime pounds. . 40 



Sulphur do 20 



Salt do.... 15 



Water to make gallons. . 60 



Take 10 pounds of lime and 20 pounds of sulphur, boil with 20 gal- 

 lons of water for about two hours, or until the sulphur is thoroughl}^ 

 dissolved and the mixture is of deep amber color. While, boiling, the 

 liquid must be stirred frequently. Next, place in a cask the rest of 

 the lime and pour enough hot water over it to thoroughly slack it, 

 and while it is still boiling add the salt and stir until it is thoroughly 

 dissolved. Then add this to the lime and sulphur solution in the 

 boiler and boil for another hour. Sufficient water to make 60 gallons 

 should then be added, keeping the mixture well stirred meanwhile. 

 As the solution must be kept well stirred when spraying, it is best to 

 use a pump with an agitator. 



This spray is to be used only in the winter, when the leaves are off 

 the trees, and is most effective when applied hot. The trees should 

 first be well pruned, and the sprav applied thoroughly, care being 

 taken that no part of the tree, not even one of the smallest twigs, does 

 not receive its coating of the wash. 



This is the standard winter wash on the Pacific coast for the San 

 Jose scale. It will also destroy the eggs of the green aphis and the 

 red spider. As a fungicide the mixture has ])ut small value. Some 

 orchardists add concentrated l3^e to the above solution in the propor- 

 tion of 2 or 3 pounds to the hundred gallons, claiming that the wash 

 is made much more effective thereby'. As it is completel}^ effective 

 without the lye, the addition of the latter seems unnecessary, and no 

 careful experiments have j^et been made which demonstrate that the 

 lye is a desirable addition. 



The formula as above given is the standard one as at present used. 

 In its manufacture some orchardists slake all the lime, adding the 

 sulphur and salt immediately, and then boil for three hours. There 

 appears no reason to believe that the resulting compound is any 

 different from that obtained by the ordinary method. 



Up to the present ver}' little experimenting has been carried on to 

 determine whether modifications of this wash are as effective or more 

 24228— No. 153—02 2 



