26 / 



the larva has attained its full growth. In such ease the worms crawl 

 out of the fruit almost immediately. 



The larvse seek for protected places, such as crevices in the bark 

 or cracks in the soil, and there spin thin cocoons, in which they soon 

 change to brownish pupae. In from twelve to twenty days the adult 

 moths emerge, and a few daj^s later eggs are laid from which a second 

 brood of larvae develops. 



The larvffi of the second brood are peculiar in that they usually 

 enter the fruit from the side, a favorite place being where apples 

 touch. In most sections this second brood is quite distinct from the 

 first in time of appearance, and the larvas for the most part hibernate 

 over winter. In the warmer valleys, however, there is a continuous 

 succession of individuals from the first to the second broods, and even 

 until the crop is harvested the insect may be found in every stage. 

 This has usually been interpreted as indicating the existence of three 

 or more broods. 



The larvffi of the last brood in the year hibernate over winter in 

 silken cocoons, and change into pupie the following spring. The 

 moths are rarely seen unless speciall}'^ looked for or reared from pupaj. 

 They fly mostly in the evening, and are not attracted to lights. 



Eemedies. — Spra3dng with the arsenicals is by far the most satis- 

 factory means of combating this insect. The most important applica- 

 tion is the first, which should be applied as soon as the petals fall from 

 the blossoms, but not before. A prime object is to have the blossom 

 end of the young pear or apple filled with the poison, as this is where 

 the worm usually enters. In order to do this the fruit must be spraj^ed 

 before the calj'-x cup at the blossom end closes, which is shortly after 

 the fruit sets. Some growers spray the solution with considerable 

 force, claiming that it yields better results by getting more poison in 

 the calyx cup. A second spraying, about two or three weeks later, 

 seems always profitable. The value of either of these sprayings may 

 be completely destroyed b}' heav}^ rains following the application, in 

 which case they will need to be repeated at once. 



These two sprayings are all that are necessary in the greater part of 

 the Coast region and in the inland uplands. In the warm inland val- 

 leys, however, more sprayings are required. Different growers apply 

 these later sprayings at somewhat different dates. The third spra}^- 

 ing is commonly given about July 10 to 15, the others at intervals of 

 three weeks, the last in September. 



In addition to spraying, some growers, especially in the warmer 

 valleys, use the '' banding system" as an additional means of protec- 

 tion. In this practice advantage is taken of the hal)it of the larv* of 

 seeking sheltered places in which to pupate. The simplest way is to 

 fasten a strip of burlap around the trunk of the tree a foot or so above 

 the ground. The burlap should reach around the trunk, and is con- 

 venientlj^ fastened with a nail. If the trunk of the tree is clean and 



