34 



narily, however, the disease commences in the spring from spores 

 blown off the fallen leaves, or those which lodge in the crevices of 

 winter buds. 



Remedies. — In the light of present experience, three sprayings of 

 Bordeaux mixture and two of cupram are necessary to insure a clean 

 crop in the Coast region. The first spraying of Bordeaux should be 

 just before the blossoms open, the second just after the petals fall, 

 and the third ten or twelve days later. The two sprayings of cupram 

 should follow the last sprajnng of Bordeaux at intervals of two weeks. 

 Bordeaux should not be used for the fourth and fifth spraying, as it 

 causes fruit to russet. 



It is always good practice to prune the tops of trees, so as to induce 

 an open growth. In such trees the apple scab causes conspicuously 

 less damage than in dense ones. 



PEAR SCAB. 



This disease is so closely similar to the apple scab that no detailed 

 account of it is necessary. Like the apple scab, it is much more 

 injurious to some varieties than to others. In susceptible kinds such 

 as the Winter Nelis, the twigs are verj^ commonly attacked by the 

 fungus, and in this as well as other varieties a large portion of the 

 blossoms ma}' be killed by the fungus on the flower stalk. This 

 emphasizes the importance of the early sprayings, which are to be 

 applied as recommended for the apple. 



BROWN ROT OR FRUIT MOLD. 



Description. — This is the only serious fungous disease of the plum, 

 prune, cherry, and peach 3'et known in the orchards of the Northwest, 

 where it has become introduced within the last few 3'ears, Usuall}'^ 

 the first sj^mptom of this disease to attract attention is the numerous 

 grayish-white pustules that appear on the attacked fruit when it is 

 nearh^ ripe. The pustules consist of the reproductive bodies or spores 

 of the fungus, and under the microscope are seen to be oval in shape 

 and arranged in rows, like chains of beads. The disease is scattered 

 by these spores being carried b}^ the air currents, or in some cases by 

 insects. Under favorable conditions the spores quickly germinate, 

 sending out a germ tube that will penetrate a healthy fruit and soon 

 cause it to rot. In the laboratory a single spore placed on a plum or 

 cherr}^ will develop so far in twent3^-four hours as to produce new 

 spores. From this it is eas}- to understand wh}' the disease spreads 

 so rapidly in orchards under favorable circumstances. In some cases 

 a whole crop may be destro3"ed within a few da3"s' time. 



A curious feature of this fungus is that it causes the attacked fruit 

 to become dr3' and hard, in which condition it ma3" remain hanging on 

 the tree for a long time. It is mainlv on these fruits that the fungus 

 passes the winter, and on such fruit the spores ma3' be found in abun- 



