Bordeaux mixture and the sulphur-salt-lime wash are both efficient for 

 this purpose. 



The only practice that has been at all general in orchards here is 

 winter sprayino- with the sulphur-salt-lime wash. Beyond any ques- 

 tion this spray is effective on the Pacific coast against the San Jose 

 scale. It also destroys the eggs of the green aphis and the red spider, 

 and kills moss. It is not effective against the oyster-shell scale, nor, 

 on mossy roughed-barked trees at least, against the woolly aphis of 

 the apple; for apple-scab and blackspot apple canker it is of little or 

 no value. There is no evidence at hand to indicate whether the 

 sulphur-salt-lime wash is at all effective against the brown rot of stone 

 fruits, but it is probably no more efficient for this than forthe scab 

 diseases. In view of these facts, winter treatment of trees west of the 

 Cascades with sulphur-salt-lime is unsatisfactor3\ 



The efficiency of this wash seems to depend on the caustic properties 

 of the compounds of lime and sulphur. Its high value here against 

 the scale insects has given rise to the idea that it is a specific against 

 practicflall}'^ all the ills that affect orchard trees, an idea rudely dis- 

 pelled by the record of actual experiences. As a matter of fact the 

 value of the wash against most fungous diseases seems to be very 

 small and not to be compared with that of Bordeaux mixture. 



Up to the present time commercial fruit growing in the coast region 

 has not been a prominent feature of its agriculture. Prune growing 

 is as yet the one phase of fruit production that is conducted on a large 

 scale, and this industry is confined mainly to Clark County, in Wash- 

 ington, and the Willamette Valle}', in Oregon. Inasmuch as all stone 

 fruits except the peach do remarkably well, and apples and pears of 

 fine quality can be grown — in fact, fully equal to those of the inland 

 regions — it seems strange that their production on a commercial scale 

 has not been more fully developed. The principal explanation of the 

 failure to do this seems to be the large loss occasioned by scab to the 

 apple and pear, and by brown rot to the stone fruits. To a less degree 

 the black-spot apple canker may have had a like effect. The control 

 of these diseases, however, would seem to offer no more serious prob- 

 lems than do the codling moth and San Jose scale in the inland valleys. 

 Be that as it may, it is certainly desirable that a large additional amount 

 of experimenting be carried on to determine how far these factors are 

 inimical to success. Another factor that may have something to do in 

 limiting commercial fruitgrowing is the higher initial cost of the land. 



A rational treatment for orchard trees in this region may perhaps 

 be made most clear by considering each kind separately. 



THE APPLE. 



Throughout the coast region, apple-scab and blackspot apple canker 

 cause the most serious losses. It is a conservative estimate that 75 



