6 



The rapid spread of certain pests like the codling-moth and apple 

 scab in recent years has led some to the opposite extreme view, 

 namely, that pests are far more injurious here than in other fruit- 

 growing regions, A careful comparison of the loss occasioned here in 

 neglected orchards with similar injur}' in older States reveals no 

 evidence to justify such a conclusion. 



Many orchardists have been slow to adapt themselves to the new con- 

 ditions caused by the introduction and spread of insects and fungous 

 diseases. Although these new conditions have undoubtedly increased 

 the cost of producing fruit, the growers who have used proper efforts 

 to control insects and disease have been uniformly successful in rais- 

 ing profitable crops of high-grade fruits; on the contrary, the product 

 of neglected orchards is, as a rule, so badly injured that most of it is 

 unmarketable, or must be sold at a very low price. 



Serving as object lessons, such results are doing much to increase 

 rational efforts to combat orchard enemies, and undoubtedl}' the situa- 

 tion will become better from j^ear to year, as the great majority of 

 persons now setting out orchards realize beforehand that it is one of 

 the factors necessarj^ to success, 



HORTICULTURAL DIVISIONS. 



From a horticultural point of view there are three very distinct 

 regions in the Pacific Northwest. These may be denominated as 

 follows: 



(1) The Coast Region, lying west of the Cascade Mountains. 



(2) The Inland Valleys, having an altitude of 300 to 1,000 feet, for 

 the most part irrigated, and in which the commercial growinsf of the 

 peach is carried on. 



(3) The Inland Uplands, ranging in altitude from 1,000 to 3,000 feet 

 or more, where commercial peach culture is not practicable. 



CONDITIONS AFFECTING ORCHARDS IN THE COAST REGION. 



The most striking peculiarities in the region l3'ing west of the Cas- 

 cades are the very equable mean temperature throughout the year and 

 the rather copious rainfall; periods of drought seldom occur, and then 

 only during a short time in JuW or August. These conditions, which 

 have favored the heavy forestation of the region, are quite different 

 from those in any other portion of the United States, and have already 

 given rise to a number of new agricultural problems. Only those 

 which particularly concern orchards are discussed here. The humid- 

 ity of the climate quickly results in trees becoming coated with a 

 growth of lichens, and, later, true mosses, the whole being commonly 

 denominated "moss," which nullifies to a considerable extent the 

 effects of some spraying mixtures; hence, any practice to be completely 

 successful must destroy this moss. Of the spraying compounds, 



