14 



of illness the excreta of patients are promptly disinfected, flies breed- 

 ing in the neighborhood will have practically no opportunity to become 

 contaminated with typhoid germs, except in the unlikely event (which 

 future investigation may possibly show) that other animals than man 

 are subject to this disease. The proper maintenance of an earth closet 



will add somewhat to the 

 work of a farm, but this 

 extra work will pay in the 

 long run. While it is true 

 that a box inclosure, if its 

 contents are covered with 

 lime every three or four 

 days, will answer the pur- 

 pose, a much better plan 

 would be to use a large 

 metal vessel, the surface of 

 the contents being covered 

 with earth after each opera- 

 tion, and which may be 

 removed, emptied, and re- 

 placed daily. Care should, 

 of course, be taken toempt}^ 

 the contents of the vessel 

 in a pit constructed in some 

 well-chosen spot, from 

 which the drainage would 

 not be dangerous. 



With regard to the aboli- 

 tion of flies, the best meas- 

 ures will again naturally 

 involve some trouble and 

 expense. In a thickly set- 

 tled country it will become 

 necessary for some such 

 measure to be generally 

 adopted in order to be per- 

 fectly effective, but in an 

 isolated farmhouse the 

 number of house flies ma\^ 

 be greatly reduced by indi- 

 vidual work. All horse manure accumulating in stables or barns should 

 be collected, if not daily, at least once a week, and should be placed in 

 either a pit or vault or in a screened inclosure like a closet at the side 

 or end of the stable. This closet should have an outside door from 

 which horse manure can be shoveled when it is needed for manuring 



Fig. 7.- 



- Full-grown larva of Anopheles— greatly enlarged 

 (author's illustration). 



