9' 

 MEASURES USED AGAINST THE CODLING MOTH. 



The first essential in using measures against this insect is for the 

 apple grower to familiarize himself with its life history. By doing 

 this he is better prepared to understand the remedial measures rec- 

 ommended, and can modify them to suit his local conditions. 



The means of control readily fall into two divisions — (1) preventive 

 measures and (2) remedial measures. 



In many newly settled districts of the West this insect has not yet 

 made its appearance. By keeping all used apple boxes and infested 

 fruit out of the district it may be a long time before the insect obtains 

 a foothold. If it is present in small numbers, it may be practically 

 exterminated by a strenuous application of the measures of control, 

 but if present in great numbers it is impracticable to attempt its exter- 

 mination. In many localities, by reason of the cold climate, the injury 

 amounts to but little; in some years it may be no more than 5 per 

 cent, while in others it may amount to 20 per cent. By using methods 

 of control this damage can be materially reduced. 



PREVENTIVE MEASURES. 



Preventive measures are those means of control which are not only 

 eflScient against this insect, but are valuable in increasing the produc- 

 tiveness of the orchard, and the size, appearance, and quality of the 

 fruit. 



Measures for Use in Old Orchards. 



The preventive measures to be used in an orchard that has just come 

 into bearing are quite different from those required in one that has 

 borne fruit for many years. The old neglected orchards are familiar 

 objects in every section of the United States. 



The writer has in mind two such orchards of different types of 

 about 500 trees each. One is in the far West in an arid section, and the 

 other is in the East in a humid section. Both are in localities of about 

 the same average temperature. The Western orchard is about 18 

 years old; the trees are so close together (18 feet) that the branches of 

 one tree touch those of the surrounding trees. The orchard has not 

 been irrigated for many years; the soil is sandy, and on it grow many 

 weeds; the bark of the trees is rough, the trunks and branches are 

 cracked, and where branches have been cut off either holes or stubs 

 remain. From lack of moisture the trees make but little growth and 

 a few have died. The fruit is abundant, but undersized. For the 

 past three seasons this orchard has been under the observation of the 

 writer, and in that time not over 3 or 4 boxes of good apples free 

 from the work of the codling moth have been produced. 



