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paper to keep the larvae from crawling up the tree; trap lanterns; bait- 

 ing the moths with mixture of vinegar and molasses; spraying with 

 ill-smelling compounds; spraying with water; and electric lights as a 

 repellant of the moth. These so-called remedies have been tried so 

 often that a fruit grower is simply wasting his time and money when 

 he uses them. 



Sprayings with. Arsenical Insecticides. 



The efficiency of sprays against this insect was discovered in spray- 

 ing for canker worms, which feed upon the leaves of the apple. Since 

 that time the machinery and the solutions used in spraying have been 

 greatly improved, and now this method is well known to be the best 

 and most efficient. 



Many farmers have a deeply rooted objection to spraying on general 

 principles. They have never sprayed, and many of them are proud of 

 the fact that they do not spray their orchards, even if they lose the 

 larger part of their fruit which otherwise might have been saved. The 

 more progressive and business-like apple growers are the staunchest 

 advocates of spraying, and their efforts are uniformly successful. 

 Experience gained by several years of spraying always brings about 

 greater efficiency and a reduction of expenses. A fruit grower who 

 wishes to begin spraying can well afford to study the spraying opera- 

 tions in other orchards and familiarize himself with the general 

 methods. 



Spraying Machinery. 



The kind of spraying outfit depends upon many factors, the principal 

 one being the number and size of the trees. 



Hand-power outfits. — For an orchard of 1,000 trees or less the writer 

 would advise the use of a hand-power outfit. The capacity and cost of 

 this machine should depend upon the size of the orchard. There are 

 many excellent makes of spray pumps upon the market, and a pump 

 can be easily chosen to suit the conditions in various orchards. The 

 working parts of the better and more expensive pumps are made of 

 brass or bronze. It is desirable that a pressure gauge be attached to 

 the pump, in order that the man pumping may keep up a constant pres- 

 sure. More than two lines of hose result in confusion and cause loss 

 of time in an orchard. Bamboo or iron extensions should be used in 

 order to reach the tops of the taller trees. There are two types of 

 nozzle, either of which may be used for this work — (1) those which 

 give a fan-shaped spray and (2) those which produce a cone-shaped 

 spray. The former is better adapted to long-range work and the lat- 

 ter to close-range work. As many as 3 or 4 of these nozzles may be 

 used to advantage on one line of hose, but 2 is the usual number. It 

 is a great advantage to have the nozzles set at an angle from the axis 

 of the exteuvsion, as by simply turning the extension the spray can be 



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