16 



double that price when they furnish as well as apply the insecticide. 

 This work is now commonly done with a power apparatus (fig. 7),*^ and 

 usually in a fairly satisfactory manner. The difficulty in depending 

 on the public sprayer is that it is very often not available when much 

 needed. For a large ranch the possession of a power spraying outfit 

 will probably prove economical in the long run, and anyone contem- 

 plating securing one is referred to the general article on such machines, 

 by Dr. L. O. Howard, in the Yearbook of this Department for 1896. 

 For the small rancher, having from 10 to 30 acres of orchard, it is 

 not necessary to go to the expense of a steam or a gasoline spraying 

 apparatus. There are a great many excellent force pumps on the 

 market which may be easily equipped with suitable hose and nozzles, 

 and which will do the work of spraying very satisfactorily. A hand 

 force pump with suitable connections, which may be equipped for 



Fig. 8. — Hand-power spraying outfit with two lines of hose in operation. 



work at a cost of from $25 to |30, will meet all requirements. The 

 pump for such an outfit should be capable of easily producing a pres- 

 sure of 100 pounds, which will supply four cyclone nozzles attached 

 to two lines of hose. With such an apparatus (fig. 8), the writer was 

 able to spray easily 50 gallons an hour, or 500 gallons a day, working 

 with three men, and this covers also the time lost in mixing the insec- 

 ticide and refilling. The cost of appljdng the same amount of liquid 

 by a contract sprayer would probably be a little less, but under per- 

 sonal supervision, the work will undoubtedly be better done and with 

 less waste of material, and, of more importance still, at the time when 

 most needed and when the greatest advantage will result. 



Trees under seven years old will probably require from half a gallon 

 to a gallon of spray per tree. For an orchard of 10 acres, or about 

 860 trees, the cost of spraying would be about $8 for the spray and 



172 



«From photograph furnished by F. Kahles. 



