26 



Islands or some of the West Indies. It is closely allied to certain 

 scale insects occurring in the Old World, and probably came to this 

 country from Europe or Asia. It yields to the same treatments which 

 are advised for the other armored scales. 



The Orange Chionaspis. 



This species {Chio7iaspis citri Comstock) occurs in the orange 

 groves of the Eastern United States, and is also especially trouble- 

 some in Louisiana. Professor Morgan reports that its presence on the 

 _„.,=____,«_-, trees causes a bursting of the bark 



and very ugly wounds, followed 



in very many cases by the rotting 



of the trunks of the older trees. 



^ The orange Chionaspis (fig, 17) is 



found also in several of the West 

 Indian islands, Mexico, and in 

 most foreign countries where cit- 

 rus fruits are grown. The male 

 scales are striking objects on ac- 

 count of their white color, and the 



Fig. 17. — Orange Chionaspis (CMowaspis ci^ri), il- „ , ,., t,- ' ^ -\ 



lustrating a group of the female and male scales females are readily distinguished 



as they occur on a leaf-enlarged about 7 diam- from the other ai'morcd SCalcS of 



eters (original). • -i i i i -i t 



Similar general shape by the dis- 

 tinctly ridged appearance of the waxy portion. The orange Chionaspis 

 is readily controlled hy the same treatments advised for the other 

 armored scales. 



GROUP 2.— THE TIN ARMORED SCAIiES. 



The species to be considered in this group include three Lecaniums, 

 the mealy bug, two wax scales, and the fluted scale. Strictly speaking, 

 the Lecaniums are the only ones which secrete no covering. The mealj" 

 bug secretes a waxy or meal}^ powder, which covers its body, and a 

 similar secretion in less amount is made by the fluted scale. Both of 

 the latter species secrete very abundant quantities of wax for the pro- 

 tection of their eggs. The wax scales cover themselves with copious 

 waxy secretion, which, however, attaches firmly to the body, and can 

 not be considered as a separate covering in the sense of the scale of 

 the armored species. The development of the different species in this 

 group is very similar, in that they all retain the power of locomotion 

 until nearly the end of their lives, and do not suffer the loss of limbs 

 and the marked retrograde development alread}'^ described in the case 

 of the armored scales. They excrete liberally the honeydew, which 

 is followed by the smut fungus. In this group are included some of 

 the worst scale pests of the orange and lemon, notably the black scale, 

 the fluted scale, and the mealy bug. Not being so firmly attached nor 



