19 



deep red, the upper surface of the body gray, the sides yellowish, the 

 head and eyes black. She also has a slender, extensile tip to the 

 abdomen, b}^ means of which the minute white eggs are laid in the 

 very heart of the bud. 



After the fly has emerged from one of the infested cranberry tips 

 the leaves that were massed together turn red or brownish, die, and 

 break off, leaving a stub above the fully developed leaves. If the tips 

 are killed early in the season fruit buds may form at the axils of the 

 leaves, or one or more little spurs may start lower down on the shoot, 

 at the tips of which normal fruit buds may develop. On new bogs, 

 with young, vigorous vines, the early broods cause no damage at all 

 and the late broods very little. On old bogs, with long vines, the ear- 

 lier broods do little harm, but the later broods materially injure the 

 crop prospects for the year following by preventing the set of buds on 

 the injured uprights. 



Remedial measures. — Strictly speaking, no direct remedial measures 

 are known. It is not known positively how the insect passes the win- 

 ter; hence control can not be attempted at that season. The worm 

 never comes within reach of our ordinary insecticides, and therefore 

 direct attack is not possible. Since the loss of the tips attacked in 

 spring does not injure the crop of that year, the effort must be to 

 keep the vines in such vigor that they will set fruit buds on laterals 

 and at leaf axils when the direct tip has been lost. How this vigorous 

 growth is to be obtained the grower will be best able to determine. 



This insect is not confined to the cranberry, and in fact breeds 

 much more abandantlj^ on loose strife (L3^simacha) and on some of the 

 heaths. Therefore, where the species is troublesome, those plants 

 should be kept down on the dams and other bog surroundings. Tip 

 worms occur on both flowed and dry bogs, and reflowing does not 

 reach them; but as they first occur on flowed bogs around the edges, 

 the inference is that the winter is passed on the upland, on or in some 

 one or more of the alternate food plants. This would make the 

 destruction of such plants an effective measure. 



THE CRANBERRY SPANWORM. 



( Cleora painpinaria Gn. ) « 



In some sections of Cape Cod certain "span," "inch" or "measur- 

 ing worms " occasionally become injuriously abundant, and the most 

 destructive of these is the species above named. The parent moth is 

 much larger than any of the other forms found on the bogs, the broad 

 fore wings expanding 1^ inches or thereabouts. In general color it is 

 pale ash gray, sprinkled with black, and both wings are crossed diag- 



^ Also known as Boarmia pampinaria, etc. 

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