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edges joining- the upland or at the base of the dams, it may be fairly 

 inferred that the eggs do not survive the winter when kept completely 

 submerged, so that destruction of the grasses above the water line 

 might answer. It would be safer, however, to have the grasses out; 

 the}^ have no place on the bogs anyway. 



For burning the grasses and other host plants on the dams some one 

 of the gasoline torches now on the market may be used. They give 

 a ver}'^ intense heat and lick up leaves and plants with extreme rapidity. 

 As they can be used against the wind or while the plants are somewhat 

 damp there is practically no danger that the fire will get away, and 

 when the ground is frozen, the covering of leaves and stalks is burned 

 so rapidly that no heat gets to the roots. Growers consider it desir- 

 able to keep a cover of vegetation on the dams to strengthen or pre- 

 vent them from washing, and this method will destroy the egg-bearing 

 vegeta'^ion without also destrojang the plants themselves. 



GRASSHOPPERS AND CRICKETS. 



Numerous short-horned and long-horned grasshoppers may be found 

 on and about the bogs, and more or less injury is charged to them. 

 As to the common gray or brown short-horned grasshoppers the charge 

 is believed to be practically unfounded. The}^ do sometimes finish up 

 berries that have been opened by the katj^dids; but direct evidence 

 is lacking that they would or even could get into a sound berry. Nor 

 do they occur in any numbers on clean, well-kept bogs, free from 

 grass and from overgrown edges or dams. They belong- naturally in 

 the grassy undergrowth along the margins, and simply run over when 

 there is an easy opportunity. 



It is rather otherwise with some of the long-horned, green, meadow 

 grasshoppers, which on grassy, reed}^, or sedgy Ijogs are sometimes 

 present in immense numbers. All of these are fond of seeds, and 

 while the smaller species can not get into a half or full grown berry, 

 the larger species can, and so they join the katydids in their destructive 

 work, but in comparison do little injury. 



Most of them have a long, flat ovipositor, straight or slightly curved, 

 and they lay their eggs in the stems of the sedges, rushes, and larger 

 grasses found on the bogs. None of these species can cut into leaves. 

 Their eggs are long, slender, nearly cjdindrical, and often just a little 

 curved. They are laid in series of anywhere from three to eight, one 

 above the other, the number of eggs in any series depending upon the 

 length of the ovipositor in the species. 



Where bogs are very full of these little species, a large proportion 

 of the grasses and sedgy plants will be found bearing eggs, and these 

 eggs are so well protected that the}^ survive the winter though they 

 be completely submerged. Accordingly, in early June thousands of 



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