20 



SELECTION OF SPBAY OUTFITS. 



In selecting spray pumps from catalogues, the number and size of 

 the trees are the principal factors to be considered. 



For home orchards of small size a good equipment consists of a 

 hand barrel pump, 15 feet of |-inch hose, one 8-foot bamboo extension 

 rod, one double Vermorel nozzle; cost of outfit, $12 to 1*18. 



For a medium-sized orchard choose a slightl}^ larger pump of the 

 same pattern (fig. 6), and equip it with two lines of hose, two double 

 Vermorel nozzles, and two bamboo extension rods; cost, $25 to $30. 



For a large orchard, exceeding 1,000 trees in bearing, select a double- 

 cylinder pump of large capacity (fig. T), operated by an upright lever. 

 Four to six leads of hose can be supplied in this way. Such an outfit, 

 including a 200-gallon tank, costs from $75 to $90. 



For still larger operations more expensive power sprayers are 

 recommended. 



THE HOSE AND EXTENSION BODS. 



The following paragraphs are reprinted from Farmers' Bulletin 



No. 243: 



Nothing contributes more to success in spraying operations than satisfactory hose 

 and nozzles. In ordinary spraying operations with the barrel pump, half-inch hose 

 is commonly used. As a rule, however, for the barrel pump three-eighths or one- 

 fourth inch hose is better. The lighter hose is easier to handle 

 and is less likely to kink and break. Good three-ply or four-ply 

 hose in either case should be bought. It usually does not pay to 

 attempt to use cheap hose in spraying. The couplings should be 

 of a style readily adjusted in the field by means of a screw-driver, 

 and everything must be kept tight to withstand pressure, espe- 

 cially in case of the power outfits. 

 The ends of the hose should be attached to extension rods of 



suitable lengths for the work. (See fig. 6.) Occasionally in get- 

 FiG. 9.— Vermorel ,. v i/-i. r ^i • i • • ' i_ 



no zle ^"^ "^■* ^ very cheap outfit one-fourth-mch iron gas pipe may be 



used. It is heavy and clumsy, however, and is only a temporary 

 expedient at best. For all lengths above 6 feet a bamboo extension rod is recom- 

 mended. This consists of a small brass tube supported by a bamboo rod. 



The most important j)art of the whole apparatus is the nozzle. Unfortunately 

 this feature has been much neglected by pump manufacturers, and many inferior noz- 

 zles have been sent out to farmers. There is a tendency to improvement in this direc- 

 tion in the past two years, however. Good results in the application of the spray 

 mainly depend upon the efficiency of the nozzle. For most purposes the best nozzle 

 is the Vermorel or a nozzle of that type (fig. 9). 



METHOD OF SPRAYING. 



Thorough work essential. — It is most important that spraying should 

 be done thoroughl3\ Most of the failures are due to careless work. 

 The whole surface of ever}^ bud and leaf should be covered. Any por- 



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