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scale to orchardists the proper use and efficiency of control measures 

 that have been evolved from careful experiments. 



Accordingly, work of this character was planned by the Bureau of 

 Plant Industry and the Bureau of Entomology for the season of 1906 

 and was carried out in apple orchards in the Ozark regions of Arkansas 

 and Missouri, in the latter State in cooperation with the Missouri 

 State Fruit Experiment Station. Similar work was also carried out 

 in several counties in southeastern Nebraska, in cooperation with the 

 Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station. In the work herein 

 reported the writers have had the assistance of Messrs. J. B. Rorer, 

 F. W. Faurot, and Dudley Moulton. 



SCOPE OF THE WORK. 



The predominating troubles in the apple orchards of the Ozark 

 region are apple scab, bitter-rot, apple blotch, leaf-spot, and, among 

 insects, the codling moth. A plan of treatment was formulated 

 which should as nearly as possible give protection from all these affec- 

 tions, namely, the application of Bordeaux mixture and an arsenical 

 at such times as a knowledge of the affections indicated that spraying 

 was necessary. 



This work in Arkansas was conducted in Bentonville and vicinity, 

 in the orchards of Mr. H. W. Gipple, Capt. George T. Lincoln, and 

 Doctor Alden. In the Gipple orchard 200 Ben Davis and 100 Winesap 

 trees were sprayed. In the Lincoln orchard 250 trees, about equally 

 divided among the Jonathan, Ben Davis, Gano, and Givens varieties, 

 and m the Alden orchard 200 Ben Davis trees were treated. 



In Missouri the orchard of Fassnacht Brothers, at Springfield, and 

 that of Mr. J. E. Hansell, at Fordland, were selected. In the Spring- 

 field orchard, 75 Huntsman and 200 Ben Davis trees were used, and 

 in the Fordland orchard 400 Jonathan, 100 Gano, and a few Ben 

 Davis trees were treated. 



ORCHARD CONDITIONS IN THE OZARKS. 



The growing of apples in the Ozarks has within comparatively 

 recent years become a very important industry, and in that region are 

 to be found some of the largest apple orchards of the country, in some 

 instances covering from 500 to 1,000 acres. As a rule, however, the 

 orchards are much smaller, ranging from 40 to 100 acres. The prin- 

 cipal commercial varieties grown are Ben Davis, Gano, Jonathan, and 

 Winesap, the Ben Davis and Gano varieties predominating. Trees 

 are generally planted about 30 feet apart and come into bearing early, 

 usually in from six to eight years. Growth is fairly vigorous, but 

 trees do not as a rule reach large size, in part due to their early bear- 

 ing. Many orchards have not had adequate cultivation, but have 



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