11 



exceeding expectations. The spread of the disease was immediately 

 checked by the first spraying and held under control by the succeeding 

 applications. The invisible infections that had taken place before 

 the treatment was begun developed into rotten spots under the coat- 

 ing of Bordeaux mixture, and a few fresh infections took place just 

 before the crop was picked, the mixture having been parti}" washed 

 off. On the other hand, the disease continued to develop on the 

 unsprayed trees, new infections taking place from time to time 

 through the season, so that very little sound fruit was left on these 

 trees at picking time. Rains occurred at frequent intervals, fur- 

 nishing ample moisture for infection. 



The apples from 6 sprayed trees and 3 unsprayed or check trees of 

 each variety were classified into rotten and sound fruit, the term 

 "sound" applying to all fruits not affected with bitter-rot. The 

 windfalls were included, and the apples of each class were both 

 counted and measured. The results are shown in Tables 1 to 4: 



Table 1. — Comparison of sound and bitter-rot affected fruit from sprayed and unsprayed 

 trees of the Jonathan variety, Lincoln orchard, Bentonville, Ark., 1906. Fruit picked 

 August 29 and 30. 



Table 1 shows the results from 6 sprayed Jonathan trees, sepa- 

 rately and combined, and 3 unsprayed trees of the same variety, 

 separately and combined. It will be noted that the average per- 

 centage of sound fruit from the sprayed trees is 89.76, while that of 

 the 3 unsprayed ^rees is 4.24, the crop from the latter being almost 

 entirely lost. It will be remembered that the Jonathan trees were 

 the first to become infected, as many as 50 diseased fruits having been 

 found on some trees at the time of the first application, and perhaps 

 others had invisible points of infection. This largely accounts for 

 the 10 per cent of loss sustained on the sprayed trees. Indeed, it was 

 not expected that such a high percentage of sound fruit could be 

 obtained after the disease had gained such a foothold. 



283 



