23 



As has been abundantly demonstrated in the past, these results 

 again show that apple scab can be readily controlled by applications of 

 Bordeaux mixture. It is seen in Table 6 that Plot I, which had two 

 applications, yielded 97.71 per cent of sound fruit, and that Plot II, 

 which received three applications, gaye 99.17 per cent of sound fruit. 

 In this case the third application was of yery little additional benefit; 

 but if the second spraying is not thoroughly done a supplemental 

 treatment a few days later is quite important. It should be under- 

 stood, howeyer, that these results, obtained from two or three spray- 

 ings, apply only west of the Missouri Riyer. In the more humid sec- 

 tions to the eastward, especially around the Great Lakes, in a wet 

 spring 5 or 6 treatments are necessary. 



RECOMMENDATIONS. 



Spray with Bordeaux mixture, 5-5-50 formula, when the cluster 

 buds are open but before blooming, and again as soon as the petals 

 haye fallen. If the second application has not been very thorough, a 

 third should be made seven to ten days later. In case of a wet spring 

 three sprayings are usually necessary. 



THE CODLING MOTH. 



The larva of the so-called codling moth {Carjjoca/psa fomonella L.) 

 is by far the most serious of the insect pests which affect the apple. 

 The losses due to its work equal if the}^ do not exceed the losses from 

 all other insect pests of this crop combined. In unsprayed orchards 

 throughout the country from one-half to three-fourths of the crop is 

 destroyed, entailing a loss of millions of dollars annually. A large 

 percentage of this loss is preventable, as has been known for many 

 years, and a large number of orchardists practically control the insect 

 by timely and thorough work with sprays. Indeed, the codling moth 

 is perhaps more satisfactorily controlled than most other insect pests 

 of the apple, such as apple-tree borers, the apple maggot, the plum 

 curculio, scale insects, and the wooly apple aphis. Notwithstand- 

 ing the large amount of testimony from experimenters and practical 

 orchardists as to the advantages of spraying, there are yet many 

 growers who take no steps to control the pest or who secure only indif- 

 ferent results from lack of knowledge of the insect itself and of the 

 requisites for successful control work. 



CHARACTER OF INJURY. 



Wormy apples (see fig. 5) are familiar to all growers and consumers 

 of this fruit, and many have seen, upon cutting open an apple, the 

 small, pinkish larva, about three-fourths of an inch long, the cause 

 of all the mischief. The greater part of the life of the larva is spent 



