24 



within the fruit, during which period it feeds freely on the substance 

 of the apple, eating out a cavity or tunnel and pusliing out from the 

 entrance hole a considerable quantity of powdery brown frass. 

 Most apples injured when small, as by larvae of the first generation, 

 drop from the trees, and these often constitute a large percentage of 

 the so-called windfalls. Larvae of the first generation will mostly enter 

 the fruit at the blossom end, some, however, entering at the side, 

 as where two fruits are in contact or where an apple is touched by a 

 leaf. LarA'^se of the second generation enter the fruit more from 

 the side than the calyx end, and by reason of their greatly increased 

 numbers cause the larger part of the total injury. In localities where 

 a third or partial tliird brood may occur, the habits of this generation 

 are no doubt practically identical to those of the second. 



Fig. 5. — A wormy applo, showing a mature codling moth larva and its work. (Original.) 

 DESCRIPTION AND LIFE HISTORY. 



How the insect passes the winter. — In late summer or fall larvae 

 seek protected places upon the trees, as holes, cracks, crotches of 

 limbs, or under bark scales, or even underneath trash on the 

 ground, construct tough silken cocoons, and here pass the winter 

 in the larval condition. Large numbers of larvae are carried to 

 storage houses in apples in the fall, where later they spin cocoons 

 in the boxes, bins, or barrels, or in cracks in the floor or sides of the 

 house. In the orchard large numbers of larvae are destroyed during 

 winter by birds, principally woodpeckers, but in storage houses a 

 large proportion doubtless survives, the moths from wliich fly to the 

 orchards in the spring and constitute an important source of 

 infestation. 



With the coming of spring the larvae enter the pupal stage, and 

 later, about the period of blooming of the apple, the moths begin to 



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