25 



appear, continuing to emerge for three or four weeks, wliile belated 

 moths may not emerge until considerably later. 



The moth. — The adult, or miller, (fig. 6, a,f) is rather variable in 

 size, but the maximum wing expanse rarely exceeds three-fourths of an 

 inch. The f orewings above are of a brownish gray color, with numerous 

 cross lines of gra}". Near tlie tip of each wing is a conspicuous brown 

 spot, or ocellus, in wliich are two irregular broken lines of a metallic 

 coppery or golden color. The hind wings above are grayish brown, 

 becoming tlarker toward the margin, which bears a delicate fringe, 

 at the base of wliich is a narrow dark line. When at rest on the 

 grayish bark of an apple tree, the color of the moth so harmonizes 

 with its surroundings that it is not readil}^ distinguislied, and the 

 insect in this stage is perhaps but little known to orchardists. 



11 ftiiir''v' 



"*.iiija]yiii!''liMijff: 



Fig. 6. — Stages of the codling moth: a, the moth or adult insect, slightly enlarged; 6, the egg, greatly 

 enlarged; c, the full-grown larva, slightly enlarged; d, the pupa, slightly enlarged; e, the pupa in its 

 cocoon on the inner surface of a piece of bark, reduced about one-half; /, moth on bark and empty 

 pupa skin from which it emerged, about natural size. (From Simpson.) 



Shortly after emerging (fig. 6,/), the sexes mate and the females 

 begin the deposition of eggs, the number for one individual, as stated 

 in the literature regarding this insect, averaging about 50. 



The egg. — The eggs are small, flat, somewhat oval in shape, of 

 about the size of a pinhead. When recenth" deposited they are of a 

 pearl-white color, but become darker with the development of the 

 embryo, which after a few days is easily distinguished as a reddish 

 ring within the egg. Under a lens the surface is seen to be covered 

 with a network of ridges (fig. 6, h), coarser toward the edge. The eggs 

 of the first generation of moths are deposited mainly on the leaves 



2S3 



