26 



and twigs, comparatively few being placed on the apple, possibly on 

 account of the fine hairs with which it may be more or less covered 

 when small. The majority of the eggs of the second generation, 

 however, are placed on the fruit, which by this time is much larger 

 and presents a comparatively smooth surface. The average time 

 required for the egg to hatch is about eleven days, the time varying 

 considerably, however, with temperature. 



The larva. — It is in the larval or "worm" stage that injury is done 

 to the apple. The larva as it hatches from the egg is very small, 

 from one-twentieth to one-sixteenth of an inch in length, and soon 

 begins to search for the fruit. If hatched from eggs placed here and 

 there on the foliage, the larvae chew more or less into the leaf or other 

 portions of the plant in their wandering around, and may thus be 

 poisoned if poison be present on the plants. If the eggs have been 

 deposited on the fruit itself the larvse are much more likely to gain 

 entrance to the fruit. Larvae entering the fruit by the calyx end 

 feed within the calyx cavity for a few days before penetrating the 

 fruit, and hence the advantage of thoroughly spraying trees shortly 

 after the petals have fallen and while the calyx lobes are still spread, 

 in order to place in each calyx cavity a small particle of poison to 

 be later eaten by the little larva as it seeks to enter the fruit. 



After entering the apple the larva feeds and grows rapidly and in 

 the course of about twenty days has become full grown. At this time 

 the insects are about three-fourths of an inch long, and the majority 

 of them are pinkish or flesh colored on the upper surface and whitish 

 below. The head is brown and well developed, and there are 8 pairs 

 of legs, the 3 pairs of true legs on the thorax and 5 pairs of prolegs on 

 the abdomen (fig. 6, c). 



When ready to leave the fruit the larva eats out a hole at the side, 

 or, less usually, makes its exit by enlarging the entrance hole. If 

 the infested apple is hanging on the tree the larva usually makes its 

 way out to the limb and thence crawls down the branches to the 

 trunk until a suitable place for pupation is found. If the apple has 

 fallen before the larva has gotten its growth the latter simply crawls 

 to a convenient place and there constructs a cocoon. 



The pupa. — The full-grown larva, upon leaving the fruit and finding 

 a protected place, constructs a whitish silken cocoon (fig. 6, e) wdthin 

 which in the course of a few days it may change to pupa or may 

 remain in the larval condition until the following spring, as explained 

 under the next heading. The pupa (fig. 6, d) is about one-half inch 

 long, at first yello^^^sh or brownish, but later becoming quite dark 

 brown, and shortly before the emergence of the moth assuming a dis- 

 tinct bronze color. This stage varies much in length, but on the 

 average about twenty days elapse from the spinning of the cocoon 



