32 



the end of the rod and nozzle to better deflect the spray may often 

 "be used with advantage, or the chamber portion of the nozzle may 

 be turned so that the spra}^ will be directed at a right angle to the 

 axis of the extension rod. One man at least, who should give special 

 attention to treating the higher parts of the trees, should be on an 

 elevated platform rigged upon the spray wagon. This is without 

 doubt the most important of all of the applications for the codling 

 moth, and some growers find it profitable to respray the trees at 

 once after the first application has been finished and before the 

 calyx lobes close, to further insure that the calyx end of each apple 

 shall contain a particle of poison. 



The second application for the codling moth should be made about 

 three or four weeks from the dropping of the blossoms. The eggs of 

 the first brood are hatching about this time in maximum numbers, 

 and as they are mostly deposited on the foliage and twigs the 

 resulting larvte will feed more or less on these parts before gaining 

 entrance to the fruit. Thorough spraying of foliage and fruit at 

 this time will undoubtedly destroy many of these larvae. If the 

 first and second treatments have been thoroughly made, subsequent 

 treatments are sometimes not necessary, especially if there is no 

 danger of reinfestation from outside unsprayed orchards. 



The first and second treatments may always be combined with the 

 applications of Bordeaux mixture for apple scab. Where spraying 

 with Bordeaux mixture is done for leaf-spot diseases, apple blotch, 

 or bitter-rot, arsenicals should always be added for the second brood 

 of the codling moth, and where injury from the first brood has not 

 been satisfactorily prevented it will pay to spray for the second brood 

 of the moth, irrespective of other considerations. 



The third treatment for the codling moth (first treatment for sec- 

 ond brood) should be made in ten weeks from the falling of the 

 blossoms, and a fourth application should be given two or three 

 weeks later. 



COMMERCIAL RESULTS. 



RESULTS IN ARKANSAS. 



In addition to showing the efi'ect of the treatments in controlling 

 the respective diseases and the codling moth, as detailed in the fore- 

 going pages, the fruit from a considerably larger number of trees in 

 each of the demonstration orchards was classified into marketable 

 fruits and culls, the culls including all fruit showing damage from the 

 aft'ections under consideration, all windfalls, and perfect fruit too 

 small or too green for packing. 



In the Gipple orchard at Bentonville, the crop from 47 trees of the 

 sprayed block of Ben Davis trees was picked and classified on the sort- 

 ing table, yielding the following results: 



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