84 



In the same orchard the fruit from 39 sprayed Gano trees o;ave 

 results as follows: 



Merchantable fruit l)uyliels. . 'IbS 



No. I's do. ... 207 



No. 2's do 51 



Culls (including windfalls) do 37. 37 



Percentage of sound fruit 87. 3 



From 14 unsprayed Gano trees the yield was as follows: 



Merchantable fruit bushels. . 42 



No. I's do. . . . 21 



No. 2's do. . . . 21 



Culls (including windfalls) do 39. 5 



Percentage of sound fruit 51. 5 



MATERIALS FOR SPRAYING." 



Bordeaux mixture with an arsenical added is the most effective 

 treatment for the principal diseases of the fruit and foliage of the 

 apple and for the codling moth. This combined fungicide and 

 insecticide intelligently applied to the trees in the form of a spray 

 should enable the orchardist to protect from the attack of these 

 pests from 85 to 95 per cent of his crop, as has been demonstrated 

 by these tests and shown in the earlier pages of this bulletin. 



, BORDEAUX MIXTURE. 



Bordeaux mixture is composed of copper sulphate (bluestone) 

 and quicklime, with a certain quantity of water. The amounts 

 of copper sulphate and of lime to be used with a given quantity of 

 water vary somewhat, according to the kind of plants or trees to 

 be sprayed and the disease to be treated. When used on the apple 

 the following formula is quite satisfactory^ for general orchard work: 



Copper sulphate (V)luestone) pounds. . 5 



Quicklime do 5 



Water to make gallons. . 50 



The foregoing formula was used throughout the bitter-rot work in 

 the Lincoln orchard, but a weaker mixture composed of 4 pounds of 

 bluestone and 6 pounds of lime to 50 gallons of water was mostly used 

 in all the other orchards, in the belief that the latter would be less 

 injurious to fruit and foliage; this, however, did not prove to be the 

 case. 



« For a fuller discussion of fungicides and their preparation and types of spray 

 outfits, see Farmers' Bulletin No. 243, entitled "Fungicides and Their Use in Pre- 

 venting the Diseases of Fruits," by M. B. Waite. Also, for a discussi^on of insecticides 

 and their use, see Farmers' Bulletin No. 127, "Important Insecticides," by C. L. 

 Marlatt. 



283 



