14 



for which reason then* work is much more conspicuous. Second- 

 brood larvae infest the grape during July and August, the later- 

 appearing individuals probably not developing to moths but hiber- 

 nating in the pupal condition. Many of the earlier-appearing insects 

 of this brood appear to complete their life cycle, and moths develop, 

 giving rise to a third generation of larvae. According to the obser- 

 vations of Mr. Fred Johnson, of the Bureau of Entomology, at North 

 East, Pa., practically a full third brood was produced during 1906. 

 On September 7, according to this observer, larvae one- third to one- 

 half grown were very numerous, from 80 to 90 per cent of the ber- 

 ries in many clusters having been injured. Egg shells were very 

 abundant on the fruit, which at this time was beginning to color. 

 Many of the eggs had been parasitized by what is probably Triclio- 

 gramma jjretiosa Hiley, a minute hymenopterous.fly which oviposits 

 in the eggs of many species of lepidopterous insects. A few larvae 

 were found in berries by Mr. Johnson as late as October 17, though 

 practically all of the larvae had left the frviit. They were found 

 mostly on the leaves, which had already fallen to the ground, where 



Fig. 2. — Grape berry moth {Polychrosis viteana) : a, Adult or moth; 6, larva; c, pupa; d, folded leaf, 

 with pupa shell projecting from case cut from the leaf; /, grapes, showing injury, and larva sus- 

 pended by its silk. All much enlarged, except/, somewhat reduced. (From Marlatt.) 



it appeared the larvae went to pupate, scarcely any being found on 

 the foliage still attached to the vines. In the Middle and Southern 

 States it is inferred that there may be each year three full broods, 

 or perhaps more, but as yet the insect has not been studied in this 

 territory. 



Treatnaent. 



Poisons. — The use of arsenical poisons against the first brood of 

 the grape berry moth was recommended by Mr. Marlatt, of the 

 Bureau of Entomology, in 1895.°^ Since this time the recommenda- 

 tion has been amply justified in the experience of numerous vine- 

 yardists, who, in connection with the fight against the grape root- 

 worm, found that their early sprayings for this pest were also con- 

 trolling the grape berry moth. Professor Slingerland reports an 

 instance in which three timely applications of arsenate of lead, at the 



284 



"Yearbook, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1895, p. 404. 



