23 



Vines sprayed with arsenicals for the root-worm and the berry 

 moth will be well protected from the leaf-folder, for in this way the 

 majority of the leaves will be sufficiently poisoned to insure the destruc- 

 tion of the larvae and prevent the folding of the leaves. After a leaf 

 has been folded the larva is practically safe from poisoning. As the 

 winter is spent in the pupal stage in the leaves on the ground, many of 

 the insects may be destroyed by collecting and burning the fallen 

 leaves, as recommended in the case of the grape berry moth and the 

 leaf-hopper. 



GRAPEVINE FLEA-BEETLE. 



Early in spring, as the buds of the grape begin to swell and burst, 

 these may be scooped out or entirely consumed by a small blue or 

 greenish beetle (Haltica chalyhea Illiger), measuring about one-fifth 

 of an inch in length, of robust shape, with thick thighs, and jumping 



Fig. 8.— Grapevine flea-beetle {Haltica chalybea) : a, Adult or beetle, with more enlarged leg at right; 

 b, larva; c, larvae and beetles on foliage; d, injury to buds; e, beetles killed by fungus, a, b, Much 

 enlarged; c, d, e, about natural size. (From Marlatt.) 



readily from the vines upon being disturbed (see fig. 8). When the 

 beetles are abundant all of the buds on the vines may be quite de- 

 stroyed, greatly retarding leafing out or even causing the death of the 

 plant. Later the young foliage is eaten by the beetles, the females 

 depositing their eggs more or less on the leaves, but largely, according 

 to Slingerland, " in cracks in the bark at base of buds, between bud 

 scales, or even in the holes which have been eaten into the buds. The 

 resulting larvae feed on the leaves of the grape, mostly on the upper 

 surface, and are thus readily destroyed with sprays. In 3 or 4 weeks 

 the grubs have attained full growth; then, dropping to the ground, 

 they make an earthen cell an inch or so below the surface, and trans- 

 form to pupae, from which the adult beetles will emerge in the course 

 of 1 or 2 weeks. The new brood of beetles feeds upon the grape and 

 other plants, going into hibernation in the fall and appearing the next 



284 



a Bui. 157, Cornell Univ. Agrl. Exp. Station (1898). 



