41 



Dissolve and dilute each of the two chemicals to 50 gallons and 

 allow them to run together into the spray tank in the same man- 

 ner as in making Bordeaux mixture. 



Insect poisons should not be added to this mixture. 



Ammoniacal copper carbonate has been recommended in previous 

 Farmers' Bulletins as a nonstaining application. Copper acetate 

 has also been suggested for the same purpose. According to our 

 ])resent knowledge Burgundy mixture is about as safe and efficient 

 as either of these and costs less than half as much. 



A simple solutic)n of copper sulphate, using 1 pound to 100 gallons 

 of water, is frecjuently used for the final applications, Init is much 

 inferior to the Burgundy mixture. 



SPEAYING. 

 SPRAYING APPARATUS. 



The selection of a spraying outfit is a very important matter and 

 should be carefully considered by anyone who is about to under- 

 take this work. It will be found far better in the end to invest a 

 larger amount at the start than to purchase a cheap outfit which may 

 not be best adapted to the work and may prove a source of vexation, 

 delay, and expense. 



Good machines are frequently ruined in a few seasons by lack of 

 proper care. It will be found a great saving of time and expense to 

 wash out the spray tank, 

 pump, and nozzles thor- 

 oughly after using and keep 

 the machine under cover. 

 The packing of the pump 

 should also be looked after 

 fi'equently. 



The three most essential 

 factors concerned in the 

 operation of spraying are 

 the power, the pump, and 

 the nozzle. 



Power. 



Hand-power, horse- 

 power, carbonic-acid gas, 

 compressed air, and engines 

 run by steam, gasoline, and 

 kerosene are all used for 

 spraying. In order to pro- 

 duce a satisfactory mist-like 

 spray the power must be contant and sufficient to keep up the neces- 

 sary pressure. 



Hand-power. — Excellent work can be done by hand-power, using 

 a knapsack or barrel pump (figs. 23, 24), but the time and labor 

 required make it objectionable in large vineyards. In small vine- 

 yards it may be used to advantage." 



oFor a general discvission of spraying machinery see Farmers' Bulletin 243, 

 Fungicides and Their Use in Preventing Diseases of Fruits, by M. B. Waite. 



284 



Fig. 23.— iV kuapsack sprayer. 



