47 



also be watched to see that they do not clog. The rods with adjust- 

 able nozzles, such as shown m figure 30, have given 

 best results. The team should be driven slowly and 

 at the proper distance from the vines. 



Time of application. 



First application. — In case fungous diseases are caus- 

 ing serious loss, or the vineyard has not been sprayed 

 before, a thorough application of the strong Bordeaux 

 mixture mentioned (6-3-50 formula) should be made 

 just before the buds open. For the grape-growing 

 regions of New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Michigan this will 

 usually be about May 1 . If injury from the grapevine flea-beetle is 

 anticipated, an arsenical should be added to the mixture. 



Second application. — This should be made just before the blossoms 

 begin to open, which will be about the 1st of June for the States men- 

 tioned. The ordinary Bordeaux mixture (5-5-50 furmula) should 

 be used, and with an arsenical added the spray will be effective 



Fig. 33.— a vermo- 

 rel spray nozzle. 



Fig. 34. — A grape leaf properly sprayed, showing the surface covered with 

 minute drops of the Bordeaux mixture. 



against the grapevine flea-beetle, the rose-chafer, grape curculio, 

 and the first brood of the grape berry moth and the grape leaf-folder, 

 respectively. 



Third application. — This should be made as soon as the blossoms 

 fall, using Bordeaux mixture as above and an arsenical to give 



JS4 



