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eerser es 
Fig. 5. -- Wild mallards severely affected by lead poisoning in an outbreak of this malady in January, 
1948, near Grafton, Illinois. The two hen mallards at the right in this scene had reached a late stage of 
lead poisoning in which the wings are extended downward in a “wing drop.” Note the carcass in the fore- 
ground partly eaten by a predator, a fate that befalls most ducks incapacitated by lead poisoning. (Photo- 
graph from Olin Industries, Inc.) 
to remnants of their former size, fig. 6. The liver and kidneys also show wasting effects. In many 
cases, the membranous sac enclosing the heart is distended by a watery effusion. The heart itself is 
flabby and reduced in size. The intestines are in a similar condition. In some instances, the enlarged 
gall bladder weighs five times its normal weight. 
In most cases the gizzard is abnormally small. Ingested shot, if present, while usually in the 
gizzard, is occasionally found in the glandular stomach immediately before it. It was found that 22 per 
cent of the experimental mallards dying from the effects of lead poisoning had voided their shot a short 
ee 
