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beef cattle running in Illinois pastures. Under Illinois conditions, it controls 

 other biting flies, also. 



P Used with either beef cattle or dairy cattle under a wide variety of con- 



ditions, it assures that the animals will be sprayed regularly and at the right 

 times without interfering with other farm work. 



■ At a cost of 1 to 2 cents per animal per day for spray material, it gives 



an inexpensive, labor-saving method of protecting cattle from pain-inflicting, 

 disease-spreading, biting flies that cut down on production of beef and butterfat. 



» 



It is easy to build, install, and maintain at comparatively small cost. 



HAND SPRAYING FOR CONTROL OF BITING FLIES 



Horn flies on beef cattle can be controlled by DDT or methoxychlor applied 

 at 4 -week intervals at the rate of 8 pounds of 50 per cent wettable powder to 100 

 gallons of water. The thorough spraying, preferably by power equipment, neces- 

 sary for control requires that the animals be driven into a corral or pen and 

 soaked with about 2 quarts of the spray per animal. 



Because of the possibility of contaminating milk, DDT is not recom- 

 mended for use on dairy cattle or in dairy barns. 



* Stable fly populations can be effectively reduced by light, dally applica- 



tions of methoxychlor or activated pyrethrins. Such frequent hand applications 

 are practicable on dairy cattle but not on beef cattle running in pasture. 



' Horse flies can be controlled on dairy cattle by activated pjnrethrins ap- 



plied by small, hand-operated sprayers at least twice a week. In two summers 

 of tests on dairy cattle in southern Illinois, control with pyrethrins was best and 

 the total amount of material needed was least when light applications (just enough 

 spray to dampen the ends of hairs on the animals) were made twice a day. The 

 concentrate spray gave better results than a dilute emulsion. The first practi- 

 cal, effective, and economical control for horse flies on beef cattle in pasture 

 was obtained in the summer of 1950 with an automatic sprayer in which acti- 

 vated pyrethrin concentrates were used. Horse flies on cattle cannot be con- 

 trolled by DDT, methoxychlor, chlordane, lindane, or related chemicals. 



