Evidence: of increased shooting pressure on Canada 
geese in recent years is shown by lowered survival rates, as 
computed from band recoveries by hunters; these recoveries 
are from geese banded at the Jack Miner bird Sanctuary, Kings- 
ville, Ontario, and the Horseshoe Lake Game Refuge, maintained 
by the Illinois State Department of Conservation. Eanding data 
on.Horseshoe Lake geese show that the survival rates of the 4 
flock wintering there are below the averages for other popula- 
tions in the flyway. 
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Contributing to the recent heavy kill of birds in 
“the Horseshoe Lake area was an apparent alteration in the habits 
of the geese wintering there, In recent years the birds have 
lacked the wariness. usual in the Canada goose. Although this 
goose possesses a natural wariness that has given it a high 
survival rate under primitive conditions, individuals os 5 
unable to solve problems of self-preservation that arise ina 
greatly modified environment such as that at Horseshoe Lake. 
During recent hunting seasons there, the geese exhibited an 
almost complete disregard of gunfire, flying back day after 
day to fields that were heavily shot. 
Calculations based on the sisi yall series obtained 
for the Horseshoe Lake flock indicate that only 12 per cent of 
the juveniles lived long enough to raise a brood of young. 
When a major portion of the annual kill of a Canada 
goose flock is at the expense of one age group, data on ten 
ne Mest 
