total number of birds bagged do not reveal the true impact of 
the kill upon the future reproductive capacity of the population. 
At Horseshoe Lake the juveniles made up the major part of the 
kill from the time this study began in 1940 until shooting of 
the Canada goose was stopped in the Mississippi Flyway at the 
end of the 1945 season, table 3. 
A year of low productivity in Canada geese should be 
of particular concern to the administrators who regulate the 
kill by. hunters, for the reason that the young birds bear a 
double responsibility. Being more vulnerable to shooting than 
the adults, they must contribute a disproportionate share of 
the kill, and, secondly, they must. survive in sufficient nun- 
bers to reproduce an equivalent of the annual loss in yearlings 
and the breeding population. . Even in a year when the production 
of young was not significantly low, 1943, shooting losses in 
the Horseshoe Lake area were so severe and so greatly at the 
expense of the juveniles that only a small proportion of this 
generation survived to reach the minimum breeding age of @ 
years. 
Management 
What can be done to insure the future of the Missis- 
sippi Flyway geese? Until recent years, the two prime measures 
for conserving waterfowl (refuges and hunting regulations) have 
Pia: hese 
