446 BIRDS OF ILLINOIS. 



of the oere. Feet small, but very robust; tarsus about equal to middle toe; outer toe 

 shorter than the Inner, and about eaual to the hallux; web between outer and middle 

 toe just apparent; claws small, but sharp, and well curved, the under surface I'ounded 

 and just perceptibly flattened ; middle claw with the sharp protecting lateral ridge very 

 prominent. Tarsus and toes (except terminal joint of the latter) covered uniformly with 

 minute roundish scales. Wing long; second to third quill longest; first intermediate 

 between second and fourth. First quill with inner web emarginated, near the end; 

 second, sinuated. Tail double-rounded, more than one half the wing. 



Elanus leucurus (Vieill.) 



■WHITE-TAILED KITE, 

 Popular synonym. Black-shouldered Kite. 



jUiloiis leiirurHS Vieili,. Nouv. Diet. xx. 1818. 556. 

 Elanus leucurus Bp. 1838.— Cass, in Baird's B. N. Am. 1858, 36.— Baikd, Cat. N. Am. B. 



1859, No. 35.— CouES, Key, 1SS2, 211; Cheek List, 1874. No. 67.— B. B. & B. Hist. N. 



Am. B. iii, 1874,197,198. 

 Falco dispar Temm. PI. Col. i, 1825, pi. 319 (=;««!.).— AuD. B. Am. 1838, pis. a51, 352; 



Orn. Biog. iv, 1838, 367. 

 Elanus dispar CvY.'R.fis. An. ed. 18;9. i. .334.-Nutt. Man. 1833,93.— AUD. Synop. 1839. 



13; B. Am. i, 1840, 70. pi. 16. 

 Elamis alaucus "(Barte.)" Coues, Proc. Phil. Acad, iex Falco glaucus Baetr. Travels. 



1791. 290); 2d Cheek List,lS82,No. 492.— Ridgw. Nom. N. Am. B. 1881, No. 427. 



Hab. The whole of continental tropical and subtropical America; south to Paraguay. 

 Argentine Republic, and Chili, north to southern United States (Texas to Florida and 

 South Carolina), Indian Territory, New Mexico, and California; occasional (breeding?) in 

 e.xtreme southern portion of Illinois. 



Sp. Chae. Adidt. Upper surface, including occiput, nape, interscapulars, scapu- 

 lars, rump, upper tall-coverts, and wings (except lesser and middle coverts), soft, deli- 

 cate, rather light bluish cinereous, becoming gradually white on the anterior portion of 

 the head, above. Best of the head, with the tail, lining of the wing, and entire lower 

 parts, pure white, sometimes with a very faint tinge of pale pearl-blue, laterally beneath: 

 two middle tail-feathers ashy, but much lighter than the rump; shafts of tail-feathers 

 black, except toward ends. Bristly loral feathers (forming ante-orbital spot, extending 

 narrowly above the eye), a very large patch on the shoulder, covering lesser and middle 

 wing-coverts, and large quadrate spot on under side of wing (on first row of primary 

 coverts), deep black. Underside of primaries deep cinereous (darker than outer surface): 

 under surface of secondaries nearly white. Second quill longest; third scarcely shorter 

 (sometimes equal, or even longest); first longer than, or equal to the fourth. Tail 

 slightly emarginated, the longest feather (next to outer) being about .50 longer than the 

 middle, and .60 (or more) longer than the lateral, which is shortest. 



.Vale. Wing.ll. 80-12. 50; tail, 7. 30-7.60; culmen, .66-.80: tarsus, 1.30-150; middle toe, 1.00- 

 1.15 (eight specimens). 



Female. Wing.ll. 60-12. 75; tail,7. 20-7. 80; culmen, .70-.72; tarsus, 1.25-1. 40; middle toe, 

 1.10-1.20 (eight specimens). 



Specimens not perfectly adult have the primary coverts, second- 

 aries, and inner primaries, slightly tipped with white. 



Still younger individuals have these white tips broader, the tail 

 more ashy, and the upper parts with numerous feathers of dull 

 brown, tipped narrowly with white ; the breast with sparse longitud- 

 inal touches of brownish. 



