64 



THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE 



THE PEKINGESE 



(For iUustrat\i<ti. see I'agc jo) 



This Oriental toy is of great antiquity, as is 

 proved in tlie art and sculpture of ancient 

 dynasties in China. He is a tiny, soft, cuddly, 

 little creature, rather le>s exclusive in his 

 friendships than the English toys, easily dis- 

 tinguished from them and from the toy span- 

 iels by his long, low body and short legs, as 

 well as by his deep, soft, straight, and woolly 

 rather than silky coat. 



The fancy desires a type whose expression 

 implies "courage, boldness, self-esteem, and 

 combativeness. rather than prettiness, dainti- 

 ness, and delicacy." As a rule, they have 

 plenty of self-esteem; rrtost of them are fully 

 aware of their immunity from deserved pun- 

 ishment, due to their tiny size and general de- 

 fenselessness, and take full advantage of it. 



They arc of any color, to meet the whimsical 

 tastes of the wealthy ; it would be foolish to 

 lose a sale, at prevalent Pekingese prices, be- 

 cause a purchaser liked a "wrong" color, and 

 the fancy is accordingly lenient. 



He has the short muzzle, full (not to say 

 poppy) eyes, prominent "dome," and pompon 

 tail of all toy spaniels, but he excels all in the 

 elaborate ruff on the chest, and long, rich 

 feather from thighs, sides, and fore legs. He 

 must be under i8 pounds, and the smaller he 

 is the better. 



The Pekingese are the sacred temple dogs 

 of Peking, and were once so carefully guarded 

 that their theft was punishable by death. The 

 first specimens to reach England were brought 

 over in i860 by Admiral Lord John Hay, who 

 found them in the garden of the Summer Pal- 

 ace, where they had doubtless been left when 

 the court fled to the interior on the approach 

 of the Allied forces. These, with a few other 

 specimens smuggled out of China, often with 

 great difficulty, were the ancestors of many of 

 the "Pekes" we see today. 



With his comparatively large head, crush 

 nose, and wide-apart eyes, the Pekingese looks 

 as quaint as a bit of ancient Chinese pottery. 



JAPANESE SPANIEL 



[I'lir Musiraiwn, sec puije yo) 



There are many kinds of toy spaniels, and 

 in imperfect specimens it is sometimes difficult 

 to know just where to place them. To add to 

 the ease of confusion, fashion or caprice some- 

 times dictates new names for old friends, and 

 the maze of synonyms is hard for the unin- 

 itiated to follow. 



The Japanese is largely white, with either 

 black or red, brown, fawn, or orange patches, 

 clearly and as near as possible symmetrically 

 distributed. It is virtually essential that the 

 head should be marked about as shown, with 

 the eyes, cheeks, ears, and sides of neck dark, 

 leaving the muzzle, stop, forehead, and crown 

 white. 



This is a cobby little dog, standing well up 



on its legs (thus differing from the Peke). 

 The ears are moderate — in fact, small — for a 

 spaniel. The nose is very short and the fore- 

 head very high and round. It would be badly 

 apple-headed in other breeds than toy spaniels, 

 where it is a much-cherished "dome." The 

 tail is carried on the back or twisted high to 

 one side. In shows they are classed as above 

 or below seven pounds. Like all these toy 

 terriers, they are snobbish to a degree and 

 view all strangers from a disdainful angle, and 

 are ready with a repellent snarl or snap to 

 meet any advance. 



The Japanese spaniel is also of ancient East- 

 ern origin and may have descended from the 

 Tibet spaniel, which is supposed to be the an- 

 cestor of the Pekingese. But he is a much 

 smaller dog, weighing from four to nine 

 pounds or thereabouts. Like other Oriental 

 lap-<logs, he was bred small that he might 

 easily be carried in the sleeve. 



THE KING CHARLES SPANIEL 



(for illustration, see /"ti!/!' 7'j 



This is one of the English toys, which name 

 in this country includes the King Charles 

 I named after Charles II, with whom they were 

 favorites). Prince Charles, or tricolor; Ruby, 

 and Blenheim spaniels. They differ from one 

 another only in distrilmtion of color, being 

 identical in conformation. 



They are all small, scaling from seven to 

 twelve pounds. The ears are very long and 

 (lowing, reaching nearly to the ground, and are 

 heavily furred with long, silky hair. The coat 

 throughout should be long and silky, straight 

 or wavy, but never curly. They all have the 

 bu'by head, short muzzle, deep jaw, wide-set 

 bulging eyes, dark and large pupil, showing 

 the white when they look askance, which is 

 much of the time. 



Owing to the condensed face, their breathing 

 is often faulty and asthmatic; owing to their 

 surroundings they generally get fat and fussy; 

 owing to their high price, the public is not 

 greatly troubled with them; owing to their 

 physical disabilities and the inherent weak- 

 nesses due to long generations of inbreeding, 

 they are poor reproducers and hard to rear ; 

 and owing to their snobbish dispositions, they 

 have never been popular, nor ever will be. 



The King Charles is the pure black-and-tan 

 type. 



The tricolor, or Prince Charles, is black and 

 tan with a large amount oE white. 



The Ruby is all deep rich red or mahogany 

 bay. 



The Blenheim is mainly "pearly white," with 

 large, evenly distributed ruby or chestnut 

 markings. 



THE BRUSSELS GRIFFON 



(For illustration, see l^age 71) 



The origin of the Brussels griffon is in 

 doubt. Some authorities say that he really 



