188 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1910. 



grain and excellent pasturage are produced without irrigation. The 

 main canal and a portion of the distribution system of the Two Medi- 

 cine unit were the first completed. 



Montana^ Flat/iead project. — Irrigation works for the land allot- 

 ted to the Indians and for such additional lands as may be opened to 

 entry are being constructed on the Flathead Indian Reservation in 

 Montana. Upward of 150,000 acres will be covered by the eight 

 principal canals and several minor systems. Construction work has 

 been in progTess to cover three units — the Jocko unit, comprising 

 6,000 acres; the Poison unit, 3,000 acres; and the Mission unit, 6,000 

 acres. The canals for the Jocko north side unit have been com- 

 pleted; also for additional 2,000 acres on the Jocko south side unit 

 and for the Mission unit of 6,000 acres. The allotments of lands to 

 the Indians have been made and the remaining lands, which may be 

 irrigated from the canals being constructed primarily for the Indian 

 allotments, have been entered. 



The average elevation of the land is about 2,800 feet above sea level, 

 and the temperature ranges from 30° below zero to 96° above. The 

 soil is clay, forest loam, and gravelly loam, and fair crops of hay, 

 grain, and fruits are usually produced without irrigation, the average 

 annual rainfall being about 15 inches. With irrigation, alfalfa and 

 all kinds of grains, vegetables, and fruits in variety peculiar to this 

 altitude are produced in abundance. 



Montana.^ Huntley pi'oject. — About 30,000 acres of irrigable land, 

 located along the south side of Yellowstone River, have been re- 

 claimed, these being formerly a part of the ceded strip of the Crow 

 Indian Reservation. Settlei*s are required to pay $4 per acre to the 

 Indians — $1 at the time of entry and 75 cents annuall^y for four 

 years, beginning with the second year. In addition to this the Gov- 

 ernment charges the settler the cost of building the irrigation works, 

 which is $30 per acre, payable $3 per acre per annum for 10 years. 

 A further annual charge of 60 cents per acre for operation and main- 

 tenance is made. 



The general elevation of this part of Montana is 3,000 feet above 

 sea level; its climate is mild and the soil, varying from light sandy 

 loam to heavy clay, produces abundant crops when properly wa- 

 tered. The principal products are alfalfa, forage, cereals, sugar 

 beets, vegetables, apples, and small fruits. The farm units vary 

 from 40 to 160 acres, depending upon location, and average 40 acres 

 of irrigable land. The irrigated land in this \dcinity soils from $75 

 to $200 per acre, according to the state of cultivation and the crops 

 grown. 



The engineering works consist of a system of cana-ls having a 

 length of 268.5 miles, delivering water to each farm. The head- 

 works, culverts, and other structures are of reinforced concrete and 



