584 ANNUAL EEPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1910. 



their name from the Celtic gutu, Irish guth (voice), and compares 

 our " Gott" (God), which originated from the Indo-European Ghut- 

 tom (that which is invoked), from the root ghu. "Gutuatri" thus 

 means " the invokers " from the same root as the Gothic gudja 

 (priest). They were all priests of a temple or sacred grove. The 

 gutuatri survived down to the time of Roman rule; their names are 

 preserved on four inscriptions. D'Arbois quite properly compares 

 the gutuatri with the Homeric Upevs (hiereiis — spriest), with Chryses, 

 who has the surname of dpT/r^p (areter — the praying one), which 

 has the same meaning as gutuatros, and as the flamines of the 

 Romans, who formed no corporation. He says: 



The Druids, on the other hand, formed a corporation, with a chief Druid at 

 its head, in Gaul, Ireland, and probably also in England. 



I can not agree with D'Arbois in the last statement. In Irish 

 literature no mention is made of a chief of the Druids. From the 

 passage from the Life of St. Patrick, "A great multitude of sooth- 

 sayers gathered around the chief soothsayer, Recradus by name " 

 (Congreata est multitudo nimis magorum ad primum magum Re- 

 cradum nomine), it can not be concluded that the Irish Druids had 

 a supreme head. The passage can also mean that Recradus was at 

 that time the most famous Druid ; we may even credit the Christian 

 writer, who wished to magnify the fame of the saint, with a little 

 exaggeration, for farther on is narrated how St. Patrick had by a 

 miracle killed that Druid. The chief Druid is thus a specifically 

 Gallic institution. 



In the art of soothsaying the Druids had rivals in the vatis, who 

 are called by Strabo ouaret? (ouateis), by Diodorus fidvTeL<s (mantels). 

 St. Patrick triumphed over the Druids only after he had allied 

 himself with the vatls, Irish, fdithi, filid. 



D'Arbois derives, with Thurneysen, the name of the Druids from 

 the root dru- (Irish in dvon^ from dru-no^ strong) and the root vid 

 (compare Latin videre, to see, German wissen, to know) and renders 

 the name druis (from dru-md-s) " supreme- wise," the Galatian dru- 

 menton, " chief -sanctuary," quoting the Gallic synonym, ver-nemeton . 

 (Still there are other derivations of di^uis possible. Compare Cym- 

 rian derwydd^ Gallic dervurrb.) 



The second chapter seems to me the most important of the whole 

 book. I shall therefore give it almost complete in translation. 



It seems that the Druids were known to the Greeks since about 200 B. C, 

 when Sotion speaks of them. They thus existed already at that time in Gaul, 

 this side of the Rhine, a territory which was much frequented by traders from 

 Massilla. This was not long after the Gauls had conquered Britain, which was 

 occupied by the Gaels/ 



1 Already before the appearance of Zimmer's work I had pointed out in the Mit- 

 teilungen der Anthropologischen Gesellschaft In Wien, volume 39, page 94, note 3, that 

 the Gauls could have come to Ireland directly from the continent without touching 



