610 ANNUAL. REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1910. 



Croatia, in addition to which they are found in numerous localities 

 in southern Hungary and in Slavonia. 



The nucleus of the Servians rests in Servia and Montenegro, whence 

 they extend to Bosnia and Herzegovina, now annexed to Austria- 

 Hungary, to parts of Dalmatia, Slavonia, southern Hungary, and 

 to northwestern Albania and Macedonia. 



Separate statistics of the two nationalities are not available. 

 Together they numbered in 1900 approximately 9,000,000 individuals, 

 of whom somewhat more than 3,500,000 were in Austria-Hungary, a 

 little less than 2,000,000 in Bosnia' and Herzegovina, 350,000 in 

 Montenegro, 2,300,000 in Servia, 400,000 in old Servia, Macedonia, 

 and Albania, and about 300,000 in the United States and elsewhere in 

 America. 



Both the Servians and Croatians are predominately agricultural 

 people, the percentage of farmers in different localities reaching 

 between 80 and 90 per cent of the population. 



As in all the other Slav branches, so among the Servians and 

 Croatians, there exist a number of secondary groups, differing from 

 each other dialectically ; but none of these interesting divisions is of 

 great importance. 



From the anthropological standpoint the Servians, as well as the 

 Croations, are predominantly of a darker complexion and are 

 strongly brachycephalic. 



THE BULGARIANS. 



The last Slav nation which resulted from the differentiation within 

 the southern stem or main division of the Slavs, are the Bulgarians, 

 who to-day live almost exclusively on the Balkan Peninsula. 



As was the case with the other branches of the southern Slavic 

 division, so the Bulgarians had their cradle much farther to the 

 north, somewhere above the Carpathian Mountains, in the neighbor- 

 hood of the Russians. From these regions they had already begun 

 as early as the third to the fifth century A. D. to penetrate toward 

 the lower Donau, and in the sixth centuiy they reached the Balkans. 

 At this time and even during the seventh and eighth centuries of our 

 era, the people consisted of a considerable number of separate groups 

 more or less loosely united. 



In the year 679 there arrived in the region occupied by these groups 

 a body of Volga Bulgars, of Turkish descent. These invaders sub- 

 jected the nearest of the aforementioned groups, united them, and 

 subsequently the union extended to the remaining Slavs in the central 

 part of the peninsula. 



The Volga Bulgars very soon became assimilated into the Slav 

 element and disappeared as a separate body, but they left their name 

 to the united new people. In general, it may be said that the Bulgars 



