2 SIMIAD.B. 



incisors, and especially in the canines being larger ; this necessitates a 

 larger space between the incisors, and the false molars. The other points 

 in which even the nearest allied species differ from man are the con- 

 spicuously longer fore-arms, the long flexible toes, and the thumb on the 

 hind-feet. The pelvis is narrow, and does not assist the equilibrium in 

 the erect position, and when they stand erect they cannot do so on the 

 soles of their feet, but rest on the outer edge of the foot. In the young 

 of some, the form of the skull approaches that of man, but with age it 

 differs much, the jaws lengthening. The skeleton generally maybe said 

 to deviate from man towards some of the larger carnivora. The mass of 

 the brain is smaller comparatively than in man, usually broader than 

 long, and the central convolutions are less numerous and deep, the corpus 

 callosum of less extent, and the nerves thicker in proportion to the size 

 of the brain.* 



The intestines of monkeys generally are similar to those of man. The 

 penis is free and pendent, and they possess vesicular prostrate glands. 

 The mammaj are pectoral. The uterus is simple, and they menstruate. 

 The placenta is usually discoid, sometimes double. 



As a general rule monkeys are herbivorous, but some live on a mixed 

 diet. Most live in societies, and they are chiefly arboreal in habit. They 

 seldom give birth to moi-e than two young at a time, frequently only 

 one ; and they carry their young about with them. The liberty of their 

 arms and the make of their hands permit many actions and gestures 

 similar to those of man. Many are capable of domestication, and their 

 intelligence and docility ai'e familiar to all. 



The monkeys of the old world may be divided into 1st, Apes without 

 a tail, to which division belong the Orangs and Gibbons ; 2nd, Monkeys 

 properly so called ; and 3rd, Baboons. 



The Apes, sub-fam. Simians comprise the Chimpanzee, Troglodytes 

 niger ; the Gorilla, T. Gorilla ; and jDcrhaps a third species, all from 

 Africa ; and the Orangs, Simla Satyrus and S. Morio, from Borneo and 

 Sumatra. 



The Gibbons are separated by some as a sub-family, Hylobatin.e. 

 They are peculiar to the Indo-Chinese countries and Malayana. One of 



* Owen's separation of man from the monkeys, under tlie title of Archencephala, 

 founded on the supposed greater extent of the hemispheres posteriorly, and some 

 other points, is opposed by Iluxlcy and otlicrs. 



