and Volcanic Substances. PARI 
reasoning is conformable to matter of fact within our know- 
ie f24 
1. The fleetz or horizontal strata, bear indubitable marks 
of we been deposited, from aqueous ‘suspension. 
2: ow of innumerable mountain eminences owing 
to the fndisputable action of subterranean fire : volcani¢ 
mountains raised in continents, and islands out of the ocean: 
reasoning here advanced. Pig > ea reminay remarks, 
yprennee to shew, that The Flote-'T rap forma n of the 
greens is of igneous origin, and dogerate. 7 Stn kes d 
of volcanic ejections. 
VOLCANOES, ‘are natural vents in the rust ofthe 
earth, made by subterranean fires, to afford an exit for the 
gasses, vapours, and solid substances that have been ex- 
aay to the action of intense heat in the bowels of the 
arth. 
en are active, or extinct. 
Active volcanoes may be considered as those polis wore 
manifested conflagration and discharge of ignited 
within a century of the present time. Prof. Youngin a very 
c. expresses 
a three. Brieslak, after M. M. Lsichalde Kopp, and 
Gaertner in their prospectus of oe ae in 1817, at one 
hundred and eighty-seven only : viz. fifteen in Europe, ‘six- 
-two in Asia, ten in Africa, Be > in America, six in 
Australasia ; of which one hundred and a ae Te nine- 
ty five are situated on continents, and ninety-two on islands. 
3 Breis. 403. D’Aubuisson reckons up two hundred and 
five, of which one hundred and seven are oni But 
from Lieut. Gov. Raffles’ account of Java, and his remarks 
on the Celebes and Philippine islands aiahe teateldarn 
there is goods reason to believe we may add to that number ; 
whe ee a tyet able to enumerate more from actual ob 
wiThe ie seat of voleanoes, oy somes consent of the latest 
and best below the oldest granite. 
2 Spalanz. trav. "164, 165, at gre aimee 3 1b. 235. Fau- 
