212 Dr. Cooper on Voleanoes 
Ac. Sc. 1771. Pallas’s speech to the Imp, Acad. Petersb. 
1771. Desaussure voy-aux Alpes ch. 5. § 181. Padre 
Torre. Abbe Ordinaire (Dallas’s transl.) on volcanoes p. 
48. Mem. Geol. Soc. Cornwall, p. 48. _ Bakewell’s Geol. 
‘ 
Because, (a) they are frequent in primitive countries, as 
Auvergne, &c. Brieslak. § 203. 585. (6) they are seen to cut 
through ranite ; forcing their way upward; as at Red 
book titles Basalt, and Granite. At Teneriffe, 1 Humb. 
pers. nan. 94. 238. Eng. trans. Ger. de Sonlavie § 409 
757. 759. 780, who mentions the village of Antraigues built 
on aes whieh has forced up enormous masses of Granite. 
yke ten or twelve feet thick, cutting through ea 
ohicteeanive mountain of Arran from bottom to to op. 
pee evidences to be sure are premature as yet, but en 
be borne i: a mind. (c) Granite is thrown out with lava 
in ig ge es tances, even at Vesuvius, Brande’s Jour. 
No.. 10, page 29 ; as by the Gros Morne near the source of 
rois Rivieres mentioned by Humbold in his personal Nar- 
rative, V. I. p. 235, 240. (d) Many specimens of lava have 
been observed and are found in cabinets, i iig ie and 
enveloped by Granite. 1 Humb. pers. nar. Ger. de 
Sonlavie § 757, 758, 759, 780, &c. &c. Dr. MCulloch i in 
No. 19, p. 29 of the Journ, of Sciences by Brande, Basalt 
veins in Eranite Brande’s Catalogue of Minerals of the Roy. 
Inst. 145, 165. Wacke vein in the old Granite, at Rocky 
Run, one mile from Columbia, South-Carolina. (e) Cor- 
dier has ascertained that the component parts of Lava and 
of Granite are the same, Felspar, Amphibole, Mica, Py- 
roxene, Peridot, Titaniferous oxyd ox Iron, and oligistic, or 
oxydulated Iron. See Cordier’s paper, surles substances dit 
en masse que entrent dans la composition des roches vol- 
caniques de tous les ages. 
Volcanoes are usually situated in the vicinity of the ocean, 
and sometimes sea water breaks into eat ee etd 
Voleano.) Lakes also break into them a 3° iedoe 
Bae i to Humbold Pimelodus Gyclopam ( (H.) td 
