and Volcanic Substances. 217 
It ejected mud two hundred English feet high. Many 
small ones near Modena. ey are mentioned by Pallas 
and Von Humbold. (D’Aubuisson’s Geol.) Pallas notices 
one at Taman in the Crimeda which in 1794, burst out into 
flames with an ejection of bituminous mud ina current of 
about half a mile in length. 
Flames from bituminous matter are common in the erup- 
tions of Vesuvius. Breisl. § 602. Humbold observed the 
same in two caverns in a limestone hill at Cumana. These 
must arise from the independent coal formation. Boiling 
mud springsin Java. Penang Gazette Feb. 10, 1816. 
As to the distance to which volcanic ejections have been 
carried, Anno. Dom. 472, according to Procopius, the ashes 
of Vesuvius were wafted as far as Constantinople, two hun- 
dred fifty leagues: this requiresstronger evidence. In Asia 
and America, they are said to have been carried one hun- 
dred leagues: this also I have no precise authority to es- 
tablish. In 1794, Calabria was covered with a thick cloud 
of ashes fifty leagues distance from the volcano. They have 
been certainly wafted from Hecla to Glaumba, one hundred 
thirty miles. In 1812, from St. Vincents to Barbadoes, 
fifty miles, when a white handkerchief could not be seen at 
six inches distance. According to the Abbe Ordinaire, the 
ashes from the eruption of Vesuvius in 1794, passed Taren- 
to and Otranto, and were lost in the Mediterranean, four 
hundred miles from Vesuvius, p. 128 of Hist. of Volc. Stones 
of many tons weight have been thrown out of tna and Vesu- 
vius to the distance of a quarter of a mile. 
quakes and volcanic eruptions are concomitant. 
The earthquake at Lima in 1746, was accompanied with a 
mud eruption from Monte de la Conception, at Lucanas, 
which covered an immense space of ground ; as before no- 
ticed from Don Ulloa. The earthquake at Lima, Nov. 1, 
1755, may be said to have extended throughout most of 
the habitable globe. See the numerous accounts that fill up 
the volume of the Philosophical transactions for the year 
succeeding, and 1 Humb. per. narr. 227, and the facts col- 
lected by Dr. Kidd, Geol. Es. 249. It took nine days to 
travel to North-America: it was felt at Philadelphia, New- 
ork and Boston. At the latter place four hours after the 
shock at Philadelphia. Flames broke out at Scituate, a- 
bout thirty miles south of Boston. After the earthquake 
