and Volcanic Substances. 
Lavas. { 
They pierce throug ugh and bear a- 
way batire them all rocks cage 
nately of whatever descriptio 
They cover indiscriminately all 
rocks in their 
They tatty contain ¢ or th 
vegetable, animal, ray: sub- 
es save titan ilerous in 
“They charr contiguous coal ; they 
pa all the rocks in contact with 
rocks on which they poured, un- 
less while i sic a state i great fluidity. 
They : umnar masses when 
petits tooled. 
pase columnar — 
233 
The Floetz-trap Formation. 
So does flaetz trap basalt. 
So does fleetz trap. 
+h “#1, 47. y ee 
Such i 
So does floetz trap. 
Such is the case with flostz trap. 
Such also are the floetz trap. 
So does the fletz trap. 
ee eee to account 
mgt fi 
the olan basalt Ads are 
idiepatedty attributed 
d abounding 
in countries where pi ee have been| b 
] 
traced but recently. 
There is no possible mode of con- 
sparing from act how al 
va bas can a 
ta re hig know they have been 
ay is aoltely impossible to 
of Lava, in a soft state 
sup- 
“ae 
The same is the case with floetz trap 
asalt. 
The same difficulty occurs as 
floetz trap basalt. 
It is equa lly impossible to pogount 
for i ig Se where the same ap- 
force its way, upwards through the 
whole range of superincumbent stra- 
tatothesurface. Yet we know this 
is done. 
we can observe 
Wherever ef-| 
fect dah Lies, im our own tine, Peri 
know it from historical record, 
been caused nie a 
by aqueous sohition i 
None of the ap 
of basaltic Lava, will admit of ex- 
planation the 
or diffusion i - 
We are boundin channi of Whia- 
| Dykes of floetz trap, to en for 
as! similar bese from the operation of 
similar causes. 
Nor will those of flotz Pace 3 arreft 
and Whin, or age 
Amygdaloid. Se aidieattyiin is ssn 
on both sides. 
What then are the arguments used he those who oppose 
ti 
- igneous origin of the newest ficetz tra 
is sai 
(a) They overlie and alternate with the secondary and 
alluvial onspesasaine and therefore = to them. 
