* 
206 Geology, &c. of the Connecticut. 
9. Vein.of Pyritous Copper and Green Carbonaie of Copper; 
at Cheshire. 
In greenstone and associated with sulphate of barytes, 
quartz, carbonate of lime and sandstone. (Silliman in 
Cleaveland’s Mineralogy, Vol. 2, p. 559.) 
10, Mine of the Red Oxide of Copper, Green Carbonate of 
Copper, §c. Granby. 
This is better known by the name of Simsbury Mines al- 
though it occurs within the boundaries of Granby. It was 
formerly wrought, but being at length abandoned, its shafts 
and galleries were converted into a state’s prison. The 
mineralogist who explores this spot, must here contemplate 
the painful spectacle ofalmost y variety of guiltand crime 
ixty or seventy whites, mulattoes and negroes, scarcely 
distinguishable through filth, from one another, are here com- 
pelled by the point of the bayonet to labour at the anvil; 
while we read in their sullen and ghastly countenances, the 
inward workings of hearts rendered desperate by crime 
and punishment. As we descend into the shaft we observe 
the offensive recesses in the rocks, where these prisoners 
were formerly confined during the night. But only a few 
of the most refractory are now compelled to sleep in these 
damp and dismal dungeons; the government of Connecti- 
cut being satisfied that this kind of rigor served rather to 
harden than to reform the criminal. About seventy feet be- 
low the surface, the conductor pointed out to mea bolt 
driven into a wet rock, where, recently, one of the prison- 
ers had been fastened for a week or fortnight, as an extra 
punishment for peculiar obstinacy; and where he lay, 1 saw 
scattered, the leaves of a bible, which, in his desperation he 
had torn in pieces:—thus spurning alike the laws of G 
and man! . 
If we judge from the presen appearance of this excava- 
greenstone and enters the red and gray micaceous sand- 
stone of the coal formation, which underlies the greenstone- 
All the varieties of ore I saw at the place were the red ox- 
