Chemistry. 115 
M. Avocapro has fixed upon 0:650 as expressing neutrality; or a 
state neither basic or acid, gold being the unit. He next deduces an 
afinitary number by taking the cube roots of the molecular volumes, 
which he finds to express the actual relations he had elsewhere deter- 
mined for the elements, as regards the strength of their affinities. 
Thus 2/0°65—0°866, will be the aflfinitary number of the neutrality 
point in the scale ; 2/9-209—=1-308, the affinitary number for potas- 
sium; consequently 1-303—0-°866—0°437, is the distance of potassium 
from the point of neutrality. The following table contains his results ; 
which however he considers as only approximations, that more accu- 
rate data will hereafter correct. ; 
Affinitary | Affinitary Names | Affihitary | Affinitary 
Names of substances. number, | number, of | number, umber, 
P (gold =1). | (ox. =1). substances. (gold =1). | (ox. =D. 
ygen, 0-214 old, A 
Chlorine, 0°849 3:97 Silver, — pie 
— See oo. . Manganese, 1-068 499 
MUA a is) 4-01 ercury, 
Point of neutrality, . 0-866 4:05 mgeie. , sea 106 
Carbon, wile 0873 4:07 Cobalt, . 1:104 5:16 
ae 0-919 4:29 | Nickel, ‘J 5:18 
Phosphorus, . . 0-950 4°44 fron, ° =. 1-114 5-21 
Palladium, . . . 0-959 4-48 Copper,. . 1-118 5:22 
atinum, 0-962 4:50 Tin, . . i 1161 5°43 
Iridium, piece ss Landy se 1-207 5°64 
Rhodium, .... . 0-969 | 453 | Zinc, . . 1-213 5°67 
Geniun,; 5. 4° 4 0-996 4°65 Potassium, . 1:303 6-09 
27. Connection between the constitution and boiling point of organic 
substances ; by M. S. Scur6per, (Ann. de Chim. et de Phys. xiii, 1845, 
p. 145, from Ann. Pogg. Ixii, p. 184.)—M. Scuroper has deduced the 
following general laws:— 
The molecular volumes of the equivalents of organic bodies are 
equal in the liquid state at equal distances from their point of ebullition ; 
the volume of the compound is equal to the sum of the volumes of the 
constituent elements; these volumes are represented by entire numbers 
and have asimple relation. 
Thus from the elementary composition and the point of ebullition, the 
density in the state of vapor may be determined ; and reciprocally, 
knowing the elementary composition and the density of the vapor, the 
equivalent of asu may be deduced. 
2. The equivalents of volatile organic substances, generally adopted, 
and the equivalents of their elements, are too large compared wit 
those of the metals and ought to be divided by 2. : 
The atomic weights of most metals are consequently double what 
they should be compared with those of oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, _ 
nitrogen, sulphur, chlorine, bromine, iodine, as GrRHaRDT endeavor-— 
ed to demonstrate. a 
