4 
178 Fossil’Corals of the family Cydthophyllide. 
oxide, with the formation of carbonic acid, the heat rendered la- 
tent by the oxygen, is compensated for by the heat developed by 
the reaction between the oxygen and carbonic oxide; which is 
the character of the operation that principally takes place in the 
lower part of the fire-room. If the ore has been deprived of its 
oxygen by the direct action of the coal, the amount of heat ren- 
dered latent is enormous, as already stated; for carbonic oxide is 
the result of this reaction, and the amount of heat developed by 
it falls far short of that rendered latent by the oxygen that has 
entered into its formation, assuming the gaseous condition,—this 
is the character of the reduction taking place in the boshes and 
hearth. ; : if 
3. The conversion of the carbonic acid near the tuyer into 
carbonic oxide, has a powerful influence in cooling the upper part 
of the hearth ; for of the 6260 units of heat formed by the first 
action of the air upon the coal, 4662 are rendered latent by the 
conversion of this carbonic acid into carbonic oxide. 
This terminates what it was proposed to treat of; it is little 
else than a sketch of the chemistry of the blast fumace, suffi- 
cient to show its importance. 
In a future article, some remarks will be made upon the amount 
of combustible lost in the operation of this furnace, the recent 
methods employed to prevent this loss in the complete combus- 
tion of coal, the action of the hot blast, theory of the refining 
furnace, charring of wood, and other points of interest. 
Charleston, (S.C.) Nov. 26, 1845. 
Arr. IlI.— Genera of Fossil Corals of the family Cyathophyllide. 
Tue following pages on the Cyathophyllide are cited from Mr. 
Dana’s work on Zoophytes, one of the volumes of the Exploring 
Expedition series.* This work embraces all known species 
recent zoophytes, exclusive of the Actinlide, Bryozoa and Ser- 
tularidz, including about 500 species, nearly half of which are 
for the first time described. The collections of the Expedition 
Ae NOS GPa ree oe ee 
* United States Exploring Expedition, during the years 1838-42, undet the com- 
mand of Cuartes Wirxzs, U, S. N. Zoophytes, by Jams D. Dana, Geologist 
of the Expedition ; 741 pp. 4to, with a folio atlas of 61 plates. 1846. The atlas 
is not yet published. 
