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188 Fossil Corals of the family Cyathophyllide. 
Genus 10. Cotumnaria, Groldfuss. Glomerate ; polyps late- 
rally in contact, and consequently prismatic. Corallum having 
the cells radiate, texture internally at middle consisting of ob- 
lique septa and cellules converging upward into an axis; texture 
exterior to this middle portion, cellular. 
In a transverse section of the Columnariz, the outer portions are cel- 
lular, as in the Cyathophylla and Clisiophylla, while the inner consist 
of oblique septa converging upward into an axis; and this axis appears 
sometimes to be made by a convolution of the septa, or their partial 
coalescence. Excepting the existence of an axis, the spe- 
cies are similar in their essential characters to the Clisio- 
phylla. The columnar forms into which the coralla break, 
by a separation of the prismatic cells, are supposed to 
characterize all the species of the genus; yet as this is not 
necessarily of generic importance, it may prove otherwise. 
The genus Columnaria, as given in treatises, comprises, besides the 
species here included, some that have the internal structure of the Cy- 
athophylla, an error which has arisen from allowing too much impor- 
tance to mere aggregation and external form. ‘The character of the 
axis in some species is noticed by Fleming, Parkinson, Blainville, and 
others. The Lithostrotion of Llwyd is synonymous with the Colum- 
‘naria of authors. The name is of prior date, but, besides its imper- 
fect application—meaning a stone pavement—it was given previous to 
the Linnean period without reference to system, and is therefore not 
entitled to authority. 
Goldfuss, Petref., 71, pl. 24; Blainville, Man., 350; Llwyd, Li- 
thophyllacit Britannici otcerakia. Epist. v, tab. 23, Lithostrotion. 
Also Fleming’s ere cone 508, and Parkinson’s Organic Remains, 
ii, pl. 5, figs. 3a 
Genus 11. —. inuLA, Lamarck. Cespitose or fasciculate Cy- 
athophyllide ; stems cylindrical. Corallum having the cells mul- 
tiradiate ; internal septa oblique a and extending quite from 
the sides ; axis distinct. 
The internal texture in this genus, as seen in a transverse section, 
is quite open, without dissepiments, excepting the oblique septa which 
occupy the whole interior, and appear like a series of inverted cones 
traversed by a central axis, (see annexed figure.) The species are 
closely related to the Columnarie ; the principal difference con- 
sists in the extension of the septa quite across the interior to 
the sides, and the consequent absence of the exterior cellular 
texture ; the septa moreover are more regular, and sometimes 
seem to constitute each a simple plate. The species have some 
