320 Migrations in the Pacific Ocean. 
the rest of the northern cluster, the f is changed to h, the k is retained (except at 
the beginning of words, where it is omitted or retained at the pleasure of the 
speaker,) and n becomes k, except with the people of one district, (the Taipis,) 
who give it its true sound. In all the islands the J (or r) is omitted, or at least is 
very rarely used. Thus we have in Tahuata fiti, fae (or hae,) hana for hana, and 
Havai’i for Savaiki; in Nukuhiva, hiti, hae, haka, (or with the Taipis hana,) and 
Havaikt.” 
The facts here quoted, while they exhibit some of the relations 
of the dialects, are important in fully understanding Mr. Hale’s 
arguments. Without farther introduction we give an abstract of 
his results, by citations from the eighty pages over which the 
subject extends, though we find much difficulty in making a 
selection from his succinct and highly interesting chapters. 
The discussions relate not to their primitive seat, which is ac- 
_knowledged to be the East Indies, but to the point of radiation 
in the Pacific ocean, or the island or group first inhabited, “and 
which bore to the rest the relation of the mother country to its 
colonies.” 
“ The first result of a careful investigation, is to produce the convic- 
tion that the progress of emigration was from west to east, and not in 
the contrary direction. This conclusion may be deduced merely from 
an examination of the comparative grammar and vocabulary of the 
various dialects. We see in those of the western groups many forms 
which are entirely wanting in the eastern tongues; others which are 
complete in the former are found in the latter defective, and perverted 
from what seems evidently their original meaning.” 
‘**Other comparisons serve to confirm this general deduction. We 
find in the west a comparatively simple mythology and spiritual worship, 
which in the east is perverted toa debasing and cruel idolatry. Th 
fashion of tattooing, which, in Samoa and Tonga, is intended to answer 
the purposes of decency, has degenerated elsewhere into a mode of 
ornament. Other facts of a similar nature might be mentioned, but it 
be noted, which becomes apparent in this investigation. The people of 
the Tonga or Friendly group, though belonging to the Polynesian fam- 
ily, form aclass apart from the rest. This is seen in their language, 
which differs strikingly, in several points, from the others, especially in 
the article, the pronouns, and the passive voice of the verb. Several 
of their customs are, moreover, peculiar, such as that of infant sacrifice, 
of cutting off a finger to appease the gods, their mode of canoe making, 
&c. It is evident that these islanders have received modifications in 
their language and usages, from a source which has not affected the 
rest. We shall for the present leave this group out of the question in 
our discussion, and recur to it hereafter.” 
