148 
1882, has produced moths continually up to date, (May 10, 1883), 
these being more numerous during December and January. 
The moth passes the winter in the larva state, but usually in a 
cocoon within the grain. It then passes through the pupa state, which 
occupies but a short time, coming forth probably in May or June, 
according to latitude and temperature. The moths pair, and the 
females deposit each from sixty to ninety eggs on the kernel, in 
clusters, usually in the longitudinal channel. If the moths that ap- 
pear in June are allowed to do so, they will escape to the fields 
and deposit their eggs in the young kernels of the new crop; but 
otherwise they will deposit them on the kernels of grain in the bin 
where they themselves were bred. The moths from the eggs come 
forth probably about August, and constitute the second brood.* 
The moths of this brood pair and deposit their eggs in the same 
manner as their progenitors, but Olivier states that those which come 
forth after the harvest make no attempt to escape, their instinct 
seeming to have informed them that no more food remains in the 
field for the support of their posterity. ° 
I have sharply defined these two broods, in order the better to 
give their hfe history, but in localities where the temperature is 
favorable, moths in greater or less number will be noticed during 
the entire year. In fact, only about a month’s time is required from 
the time the egg is deposited to develop the moth. 
HABITS OF THE LARVA. 
In from four to seven days after the eggs are deposited by the 
' parent moth, the young larve appear, and although very minute, 
immediately penetrate the grain, usually at the point where the 
plumule comes forth, this beimg the part most easily pierced. As 
but one worm can occupy the same grain, the first to hatch will 
enter the kernel on which the eggs were deposited, while the others 
must seek homes in adjoining grains. There is very seldom, if ever, 
more than one found in each grain. I have never found more 
than one. Having once entered the kernel, the larva rarely leaves 
it, except as a fully developed moth; although I have sometimes found 
one wholly or partly within an adjoining grain. In all such cases 
which I have noticed, the grain originally occupied was attached to 
the other by a cylindrical passage, constructed by the worm of the 
same material as its cocoon. 
As soon as the young worm burrows into the grain, it proceeds to 
feed upon its substance, gradually enlarging its excavation as it 
increases in size, leaving the clean, almost transparent hull entire, ex- 
cepting the original avenue of entrance, which remains untouched, 
or at most, is only partly filled with loose particles of excrement. 
While there is abundant substance in a grain for the support of 
one worm under ordinary conditions, there 1s pretty good evidence 
that the larve are often obliged (probably by a low temperature, 
which would greatly prolong their lives in this stage, and conse- 
*This brood is sometimes called the first, but the usage is made here to correspond 
with the other papers in this report. 
